【摘要】 通过分析家庭因素对居民期望生育数量的影响，以及这种影响在不同性别、不同户籍和不同地区人口群体之间的差异，发现如下：(1)丈夫参与家务劳动对女性的生育意愿并没有影响，但会显著降低男性的生育意愿。(2)加班和长时间的工作没有抑制居民的生育意愿，那些长时间工作的劳动者甚至具有更高的生育意愿，加班主要对“多孩生育”期望具有显著正向影响，这种影响在男性群体中表现得更加明显。(3)夫妻之间更高质量的婚姻关系和长辈提供家务支持有利于提高夫妇的生育意愿。(4)夫妻共同居住会对女性生育意愿具有积极影响。具有男孩偏好和女孩偏好对于“多孩生育”期望具有抑制作用，“偏好男女双全”对不同群体均表现出提高生育意愿的作用。(5)家庭经济收入越高，人们“生育孩子”的期望和“多孩生育”的期望都更高。基于社会变迁过程中的家庭变化，需要通过综合的家庭政策支持人们的生育；同时，完善家庭政策应该考虑中国具体国情特点和不同人口群体的具体需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper examines various family factors’ influence to desired family size, and illustrates different influences between husband and wife, rural and urban areas, and among different areas in China. The main findings include:(1) Husbands housework participation has no positive effect to enhance wife’s desired fertility while will significantly show a lower birth willingness himself;(2) Measured with overwork, work-life imbalance will increase people’s desired family size, the effect is much stronger for males;(3)Happy marriage and grandparents’ supports will increase people’s birth willingness;(4) Couples living together will significantly improve women’s birth willingness, and the preference of “a boy and girl together” will increase people’s desired family size;(5) Higher household income will be supportive to increase people’s willingness to “have a child”, and “having more children”. The authors suggest synthetic family policies to support people’s birth decision-making and behaviors, and the effective family policies should consider concrete cultural background and different characteristics of different population groups.更多还原