【摘要】 应用自适应网格加密技术对三维波浪破碎进行研究。通过对波浪破碎动力学特征进行分析，将波浪破碎划分为波浪稳定发展、砰击自由面、空腔坍塌、飞溅射流形成和波浪破碎后耗散5个阶段。通过分析气泡尺寸和速度的统计数据发现，大部分气泡半径为2～3 mm，气泡的数密度符合-10/3幂律分布。在波浪破碎过程中气泡的纵向速度占主导地位。随着半径的增加，气泡的平均速度增大，而气泡最大速度呈现递减趋势。进一步分析湍流旋涡与气泡运动之间的关系发现，表面张力的增大会诱导波浪提前破碎，并阻止大尺度气泡分解为小尺度气泡。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wave breaking and fragmentation represent prevalent physical phenomena within the domain of ship hydrodynamics. This paper undertakes a comprehensive examination of three-dimensional wave breaking through the utilization of adaptive grid refinement techniques. By meticulously scrutinizing the dynamic features associated with wave breaking, the process is systematically deconstructed into five discernible stages:the phase of wave stable development, the occurrence of a free surface slam, the subsequent collapse of the created cavity, the formation of spray jets, and the eventual dissipation following wave breaking. Furthermore,an intricate analysis of the statistical characteristics pertaining to bubble size and velocity is conducted. This analysis reveals a compelling observation: the number density of bubbles adheres to a power-law distribution characterized by-10/3 exponent. Most notably, this statistical investigation underscores that the majority of bubbles display a radius concentrated within the narrow range of 2 to 3 mm. It is also observed that large bubbles swiftly ascend towards the water surface, either rising buoyantly or fragmenting into smaller bubbles.Lastly, an in-depth exploration is carried out to elucidate the interplay between turbulent vortices and the motion of bubbles, with a particular focus on assessing the influence of variations in surface tension on the dynamic characteristics of bubbles.更多还原