【摘要】 沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides L.)是一种优质的药食同源经济植物，具有丰富的营养价值和广泛的生物学活性，常用于改善高血糖、高血脂、肝损伤和预防心脑血管疾病等。沙棘多糖是沙棘中重要的活性成分之一，制备方法主要有热水浸提法、超声波辅助法、微波辅助法和闪式提取法等。不同的制备方法导致沙棘多糖的构型和生物活性也不同，且其生物学活性与多糖的化学结构密切相关，常受相对分子质量、单糖组成、糖苷键及空间结构等因素的影响。现代药理学研究表明，沙棘多糖具有肝脏保护、抗炎、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血糖及调节脂质代谢紊乱等多重生物学活性，在功能性食品和医药等领域有巨大的开发应用价值。然而，目前关于沙棘多糖构效关系的研究报道较少。本文系统综述了沙棘多糖的制备、纯化、结构表征和药理活性等方面的研究进展，对沙棘多糖的构效关系和应用前景进行了探讨，以期为沙棘多糖的深入研究与开发利用提供一定的理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hippophae rhamnoides L. is a high-quality medicinal and edible plant with rich nutritional values and a wide range of biological activities. It has been used to improve hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, liver injury and prevent cardiovascular diseases. Sea buckthorn polysaccharides(SBPs) are one of the most important bioactive components of Hippophae rhamnoides L.. The preperation methods of SBPs include hot water extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and flash extraction. Different preperation methods lead to different configurations and biological activities of SBPs. Furthermore, these biological activities are related to the chemical structure of SBPs, including the relative molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bond and three-dimensional structure. Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that SBPs possess various activities, including hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant activity, as well as the regulation of blood sugar and lipid metabolism disorder, which will exhibit excellent development value in functional food and medicament. However, few studies on the structure-function relationship of SBPs have been reported. In this paper, the preperation methods, structure characterization, pharmacological activities and the utilization of SBPs were systematically reviewed, the structure-activity relationship and application prospect were discussed, which will provide a theoretical basis for a further research and development and utilization of SBPs.更多还原