【摘要】 文章是在1∶5万地质灾害详细调查、精细化调查与风险评价的基础上，针对滇东高原高山峡谷、岩溶石山区的特点，通过开展数据统计与定性分析相结合的方法，从地形地貌、斜坡结构类型、地质构造、工程地质岩组等方面，详细阐述研究区地质灾害分布特征及规律。结果表明：（1）研究区地质灾害分布特征呈由北向南逐渐递减的态势，北部高山峡谷-河谷斜坡区地质灾害最发育，是中部高原盆地地质灾害发育数量的2～3倍；（2）研究区地质灾害主要分布在坡向90°～135°、225°～270°以及270°～315°地段，总数4 249处，占地质灾害总数的39.88%，与北东-南西向、南北向的构造形迹具有一定相关性；（3）在断裂带交汇处或主断裂走向发生变化地段地质灾害最发育，且走滑型逆断裂上、下两盘地质灾害分布具有明显的“上盘效应”；（4）研究区含泥岩、页岩软弱夹层的顺层斜坡体中灾害最为发育，有2 995处，占灾害总数的31.94%；正交结构的斜坡体没有天然的介质分界面，不易形成贯通性的结构滑动面，地质灾害不发育，仅901处，占灾害总数的9.61%;(5)含软弱夹层的碳酸盐岩组，受地表（下）水影响强烈，易形成“上硬下软、头重脚轻”的易灾结构体，是研究区地质灾害最为发育的岩组。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on a comprehensive and detailed investigation, coupled with a risk assessment of geological disasters at a scale of 1∶50,000 in the study area, this paper focuses on the unique characteristics of high mountain valleys and karst rock mountains prevalent within the region. Through a combination of data statistics and qualitative analysis, the distribution patterns and laws of geological disasters in the study area are meticulously elaborated in terms of landform, slope structure type, geological structure, geological engineering, and rock formation.The findings are listed as followings:(1) The terrain in northeast Yunnan is characterized by significant relief,with deep river valleys predominantly located along the plateau edges and valley slopes. Consequently, the distribution of geological disasters gradually diminishes from north to south, with a mean density of 8.62 per 100 km~2. The northern alpine valleys and valley slope areas exhibit the most developed geological disasters, which are approximately2 to 3 times more numerous than those in the central plateau basin.(2) Geological disasters are more prevalent in the geomorphic units dominated by the edges of plateaus and slopes of river valleys, with a total of 3,161 occurrences, which accounts for 29.67% of all recorded disasters. The geological disasters are not developed in the plateau areas of central and east Yunnan, where the plateau morphology is relatively intact and the terrain is gentle, with only 87 occurrences, accounting for 0.82% of the total disasters.(3) The geological disasters in the study area are mainly distributed in sections with slopes of 10°–30°, totaling of7,028 occurrences, which account for 66.62% of all geological disasters. In contrast, the sections with slopes greater than 40° exhibit the fewest geological disasters, with only 797 occurrences, representing 7.55% of the total.Additionally, geological disasters in the study area are primarily concentrated in slope sections with orientations of90°–135°, 225°–270°, and 270°–315°, totaling 4,249 occurrences, which account for 39.88% of the overall. These disasters generally extend from north to south and west, demonstrating a correlation with the northeast-to-south and north structural patterns.(4) Geological disasters predominantly occur at the intersections of fault zones or in regions where the orientation of the primary faults changes. These disasters tend to be distributed in a linear or belt-like patterns. When faults remain continuously active, signs of multiple disasters events become apparent. The distribution of geological disasters correlates with structural features, including the orientation of faults, and the dip direction of slopes. Geological disasters are arranged in an imbricated pattern on both sides of the main controlling faults. In the case of strike-slip reverse faults, the distribution of geological disasters exhibits a notable "upper plate effect". Particularly, under seismic activities, the frequency of geological disasters on the upper plate is significantly greater than that on the lower plate.(5) In the study area, geological disasters are most prevalent in dip-slope formations that contain weak interlayers of mudstone and shale, with a total 2,995 occurrences, accounting for 31.94% of all recorded disasters. In contrast,slopes formations with orthogonal structures lack natural medium interfaces, which hinders the formation of continuous structural sliding surfaces. Consequently, geological disasters are less common in these areas, with only901 occurrences, representing 9.61% of the total number of disasters.(6) The carbonate group containing weak interlayers is more susceptible to the development of joint fissures under tectonic forces. Surface water and groundwater can easily infiltrate these joint fissures, leading to the hydration and softening of the interlayers. Over time, this process may evolve into a slip zone for rock falls or landsides, resulting in a disaster-prone structural formation characterized by being solid and heavy on top, and soft and light below. This rock group is where geological disasters are most prevalent in the study area. The findings from this study can provide a geological foundation for comprehensive prevention and control of geological disasters, as well as a foundation for land use planning and regulation in the study area.更多还原