【摘要】 目的 分析湘潭市围生儿出生缺陷情况及影响因素。方法 根据2016年1月1日—2021年12月31日“湖南省妇幼卫生信息直报管理系统”采集的围生儿数报表、医疗机构出生缺陷儿登记卡和湘潭市出生缺陷工作资料等收集湘潭市围生儿出生缺陷相关数据，并进行统计分析。结果 2016—2021年湘潭市围生儿139 430人，共发生出生缺陷1 456例，出生缺陷总发生率为104.43/万人，呈逐年下降趋势（χ~2=17.385,P<0.05）。其中男性出生缺陷发生率为116.81/万（852/72 941），女性出生缺陷发生率为90.84/万（852/72 941）；城镇出生缺陷发生率为144.82/万（342/23 615），农村发生率为96.19/万（1 114/115 815）；不同年龄组母亲的围生儿出生缺陷发生率差异有统计学意义（χ~2=11.853,P<0.05）。23种出生缺陷类型中，出生缺陷发生率前5位分别为先天性心脏病、多指（趾）、并指（趾）、外耳其他畸形、尿道下裂。结论 2016—2021年湘潭市出生缺陷发生率总体呈下降趋势，但总体水平仍然较高，应继续加强出生缺陷三级防控工作。先天性心脏病位居出生缺陷发生顺位首位，是出生缺陷防控的重点，多指（趾）发病率相对于其他地区偏高，应进一步研究湘潭地区是否存在相关的环境致畸因素。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the incidence of perinatal birth defects and its influencing factors in all midwifery institutions in Xiangtan City. Methods Data on perinatal birth defects in Xiangtan were collected from January 1,2016, to December 31, 2021, using reports from the maternal and child health information direct reporting management system of Hunan Province, the registration card of birth defects in medical institutions and the data of birth defects in Xiangtan City. Statistical analyses were conducted on the collected data. Results From 2016 to 2021, the total number of perinatal infants in Xiangtan was 139 430, and 1 456 cases of birth defects occurred, resulting in an overall birth defects rate of 104. 43/10 000, which showed a decreasing trend year by year(χ~2=17. 385, P<0. 05).The incidence of birth defects was 116. 81/10 000(852/72 941) among males and 90. 84/10 000(852/72 941)among females. The incidence of birth defects was 144. 82/10 000(342/23 615) in urban areas and 96. 19/10 000(1 114/115 815) in rural areas. The incidence of perinatal birth defects in mothers in different age groups was statistically significant(χ~2 =11. 853, P<0. 05). Among the 23 types of birth defects, the top five birth defects were congenital heart disease, polydactyly(toe), syndactyly(toe), other external ear malformations, and hypospadias.Conclusions The overall incidence of perinatal birth defects decreased year by year from 2016 to 2021 in Xiangtan City, yet the levels remain relatively high. Continued efforts in the three-tiered prevention and control of birth defects are essential. Congenital heart disease was the main birth defect disease and prevention and control focus in Xiangtan City. The incidence of polydactyly is notably higher than in other regions, warranting further investigation into potential environmental teratogenic factors in Xiangtan.更多还原