【摘要】 目的 分析1990—2019年归因于不同饮食因素导致的心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease, CVD)的疾病负担年龄、时期、队列变化趋势，为心血管疾病患者制定防治策略提供科学依据。方法 下载全球疾病负担中心(global burden of disease, GBD)中9种与心血管疾病相关的饮食因素，通过构建年龄-时期-队列模型(age-period-cohort, APC)结合内源估计算法(intrinsicestimator, IE),估计各饮食因素的变化趋势及独立作用。结果 1990—2019年男性饮食因素导致的CVD伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life, DALYs)率约是女性的2倍，APC模型拟合各饮食因素的年龄效应显示其随年龄增长不断增加，并从50岁开始上升显著。时期效应表明随着时期的变化，低水果、低蔬菜、低坚果种子摄入风险下降，1990—2019年依次变化为0.19～-0.16、1.35～-0.98、0.17～-0.09,其余饮食因素随时期效应的变化风险不断上升。各饮食因素的队列效应表明随着出生队列的累加风险降低，出生人群越晚，饮食因素的风险越小。结论 1990—2019年归因饮食的CVD DALYs总体呈下降趋势，但年龄因素的影响随着年龄增长不断增加，且男性约高于女性2倍。应减少动物性食物、高钠、饮酒及糖的摄入量，增加全谷物、蔬菜、水果、坚果种子的摄入。不断加强CVD的预防措施筛查高危人群，尤其针对男性，并加强社区健康宣教，养成健康的生活方式和饮食习惯，逐步降低CVD的疾病负担。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the change trend of age, period and cohort of disease burden of cardiovascular disease(CVD)caused by different dietary factors from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and treatment strategies for patients with cardiovascular disease. Methods Nine dietary factors related to cardiovascular disease in GBD were downloaded, and the change trend and independent effect of each dietary factor were estimated by constructing age period cohort(APC)model combined with endogenous estimation algorithm(IE). Results The rate of CVD DALYs caused by dietary factors in males from 1990 to 2019 was approximately twice that of females. The APC model fits the age effects of various dietary factors, indicating that they continue to increase with age and significantly increase from the age of 50. The period effect indicates that with the change of period, the risk of low fruit, low vegetable, and low nut seed intake decreases, and from 1990 to 2019, it sequentially changed from 0.19 to-0.16,1.35 to-0.98, and 0.17 to-0.09. The risk of other dietary factors increasing with the change of period effect. The cohort effect of various dietary factors indicates that as the cumulative risk of birth cohort decreases, the later the birth population, the lower the risk of dietary factors. Conclusion The CVD DALYs attributed to diet showed an overall downward trend from 1990 to 2019, but the influence of age factors continued to increase with age, and males were about twice as high as females. The intake of animal foods, high sodium, alcohol, and sugar should be reduced, and the intake of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and nut seeds should be increased. Continuously strengthen the prevention measures of CVD to screen high-risk groups, especially men, and strengthen community health education, develop healthy lifestyle and eating habits, and gradually reduce the disease burden of CVD.更多还原