【摘要】 当前严峻的空气污染问题不仅阻碍了经济社会的可持续发展，而且对公共健康产生重大威胁。更为严重的是，空气污染具有空间溢出特征，空气污染对公共健康的损害也因此具有负外部性。那么，作为污染的重要约束机制，环境规制能否改善公共健康？其健康影响是否具有正外部性？尚缺乏有力的经验证据。作者基于1998—2022年中国31个省份的面板数据，运用空间杜宾模型和两区制空间杜宾模型研究了环境规制对公共健康的影响，并分析了环境规制对健康影响的外部性。结果显示：(1)环境规制能够有效降低本地区的人口死亡率，改善公共健康水平，但没有呈现出明显的空间溢出效应。(2)环境规制主要通过降低空气污染、提升公众的污染认知水平，进而改善公共健康状况；而地区间普遍存在的环境规制逐底竞争，是制约环境规制发挥正外部性的关键因素。(3)进一步分析发现，孕产妇等脆弱人群对空气污染的危害更为敏感，能够从环境规制中获得更多的健康收益。(4)自2007年环境目标约束正式纳入各省市的官员考核指标之后，环境规制的健康改善效应逐步实现。(5)环境规制不仅降低了人口死亡率，而且降低了精神科就诊率，对公众的心理健康状态产生了积极影响。鉴于此，应加强区域间的环境规制合作，树立合作共赢的可持续发展理念；完善政绩考核指标体系，优化经济发展方式转型的顶层设计；推进环境与健康的科普宣教工作，提高全民污染认知水平与污染防护意识。该研究对于推进区域间空气污染的联防联控与公共健康水平的提升具有重要政策启示。更多还原

【Abstract】 The serious problem of air pollution is not only an obstacle to sustainable economic and social development, but also a major threat to public health. To make matters worse, air pollution has spatial spillover effects, and the health effects of air pollution therefore have negative externalities. As an important constraining mechanism for pollution, can environmental regulations improve public health? Do the health effects have positive externalities? Relevant empirical evidence is lacking. This study used panel data from 1998to 2022, covering 31 provinces in China, and applied the spatial Durbin model and the two-regime spatial Durbin model to study the health effects of environmental regulations and analyze the associated externalities. The results indicated that:(1) Environmental regulations were effective in reducing mortality, but this health effect did not exhibit spatial spillovers.(2) Environmental regulations could enhance public health by reducing air pollution and raising public awareness of air pollution. Regional race-to-the-bottom regulations were a key constraint on the positive externalities of environmental regulation.(3) Further analysis showed that pregnant women were more vulnerable to air pollution and benefited more from environmental regulations.(4) The health effects of environmental regulations had gradually emerged since 2007, when environmental targets were formally incorporated into the assessment indicators for provincial officials.(5) Environmental regulations not only reduced mortality but also reduced psychiatric visits and had a positive impact on mental health and well-being. In view of this, interregional cooperation on environmental regulation should be strengthened, the index system for evaluating officials’ performance should be improved, and the popularization of science and education on environment and health should be promoted. This study has important policy implications for promoting interregional air pollution prevention and improvements in public health.更多还原