【摘要】 变形光学系统是一种具有双平面对称性的相对特殊的光学系统，其结构会引入非旋转对称的偏振像差。针对这一问题，本文构建一个折反式变形光学系统，并对该系统的偏振像差及其对点扩散函数的影响进行系统分析。基于三维偏振光线追迹对折反式变形光学系统进行仿真计算，获得偏振像差的详细数据，并计算各个表面的二向衰减、相位延迟分布特性以及系统的琼斯瞳、振幅响应矩阵、点扩散函数和偏振串扰对比度。结果表明：最大二向衰减为0.145，最大相位延迟为1.46×10^-2 rad，均出现在次镜位置。2∶1变形比的光学系统的振幅响应函数在长焦端和短焦端方向的偏振串扰项存在40.6%的差异，偏振串扰将该变形光学系统的对比度限制在10-6量级。高精度变形光学系统中的偏振像差不可忽略，可采用膜层设计和折反式结构等方法降低偏振像差影响。该研究结论可为变形光学系统在深空探测、相干通信系统等领域的设计提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 The anamorphic optical system is a relatively special optical system with bi-planar symmetry,whose structure gives rise to non-rotationally symmetric polarization aberrations. Aiming at the problem, we construct a catadioptric anamorphic optical system. Furthermore, we also systematically analyzes the polarization aberration of this system and its effect on the point spread function. Simulations of a catadioptric anamorphic optical system based on a three-dimensional polarized light trace are performed to obtain detailed data on the polarization aberration and to compute the diattenuation and retardance distribution characteristics of individual surfaces, as well as the Jones pupil, the amplitude response matrix, the point spread function,and the polarization crosstalk contrast of the system. The maximum diattenuation is 0.145, and the maximum retardance is 1.46×10^-2 rad, both occurring at the secondary mirror position. The amplitude response function of the optical system with a 2∶1 anamorphic ratio has a 40.6% difference between the polarization crosstalk term in the long and short focal end directions, and the anamorphic optical systems contrast is limited by an order of magnitude of 10^-6 by polarization crosstalk. Polarization aberration in high-precision anamorphic optical systems is not negligible. The effects of polarization aberration can be reduced by film layer design and catadioptric structure. The conclusions of this study can serve as a reference for designing anamorphic optical systems in deep space exploration and coherent communication systems.更多还原