【摘要】 Z箍缩在惯性约束聚变、强脉冲辐射效应等前沿科技和国家安全领域发挥着重要作用。该文综述了Z箍缩等离子体动力学行为及其直接驱动型脉冲源关键技术方面的研究进展。首先，总结Z箍缩等离子体的实验诊断技术的发展，特别是激光汤姆逊散射流场诊断方法以及基于磁旋光效应的磁场诊断方法；其次，分析Z箍缩消融、内爆等过程中磁场演化图像及其作用机理的研究进展；再次，面向提升内爆品质的需求，总结预脉冲电流调控质量分布、外施轴向磁场调控等对丝阵Z箍缩内爆动力学行为的影响。同时，面向功率百太瓦级的大型Z箍缩装置建设，概述直接驱动型脉冲源新技术路线中的快直线型变压器支路技术、触发技术以及单路脉冲源的主要进展。最后，总结并提出下一步需要重点攻克的研究方向，主要包括长内爆时间下等离子体不稳定性抑制方法、大型直接驱动型脉冲源电磁能高效传输汇聚方法以及可靠运行技术等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Z-pinch plays a crucial role in cutting-edge science and national security such as inertial confinement fusion and intense pulsed radiation effects. This paper reviews the research progress in Z-pinch plasma physics experiments and the key technologies of pulse sources. First, it summarizes the experimental diagnostic techniques for Z-pinch plasma,especially the development of laser Thomson scattering for the plasma flow measurement and the magnetic field diagnostic methods based on the magneto-optical effect. Subsequently, it outlines the progress on the physical understanding of the Z-pinch dynamics based on the evolution of the plasma and its magnetic field distribution. Furthermore, in order to improve the implosion quality, it summarizes the research progress on the regulation methods of Z-pinch plasma, including pre-pulse current modulation for mass density distribution and dynamic axial magnetic fields provided by rotating current-return-rods.At the same time, it reviews the main achievements on the technology of the fast linear transformer driver for the hundreds-of-terawatt-class facilities, including the bricks,triggering systems, and module technologies. Finally, it summarizes and proposes key research directions that require further attentions, including the methods for suppressing plasma instabilities under long implosion times, the methods for efficient electromagnetic energy transmission and convergence, and reliable operation technologies for large-scale Z-pinch facilities.更多还原