【摘要】 目的：了解青岛市中小学生肺活量动态变化趋势和城乡差异，为制定增进青少年体质健康的干预策略提供参考。方法：采用1991年、2000年、2010年、2019年全国学生体质健康调研中青岛市的数据，对7～17岁中小学生肺活量近30年的动态变化及城乡差异进行分析。结果：1991—2019年，青岛市7～17岁男生平均肺活量上升270.8 mL，女生平均肺活量下降184.9 m L。1991年城市学生平均肺活量较乡村学生低174.0 mL,2000年较乡村学生高105.7 m L,2010年较乡村学生低4.2 mL,2019年较乡村学生高81.5 mL。结论：近30年来，青岛市中小学生肺活量呈现先下降后上升的趋势，2019年较1991年，男生肺活量上升，女生肺活量下降；城市和乡村学生肺活量交替领先，城乡差异依然存在，应针对不同性别、年龄段的学生制定相应干预策略以提升学生肺活量水平，重视乡村学校体育课，进一步缩小城乡差距。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVETo understand the dynamic changes and urban-rural differences of vital capacity among primary and secondary school students in Qingdao, and to provide reference for the strategy formulation. METHODS The data of Qingdao in national student physical fitness and health survey in 1991,2000,2010 and 2019 were used to analyze the dynamic changes and urban-rural differences of vital capacity among primary and secondary school students aged 7～17 in nearly 30 years. RESULTS From1991 to 2019, the average vital capacity of boys aged 7～17 in Qingdao increased by 270.8 mL, while girls decreased by 184.9 mL.In 1991,the average vital capacity of urban students was 174.0 mL lower than that of rural students, but it was 105.7mL higher than that of rural students in 2000. The vital capacity of urban students was 4.2 mL lower than that of rural students on average in2010, while 81.5 m L higher than that of rural students in 2019. CONCLUSION In nearly 30 years, the vital capacity of primary and secondary school students in Qingdao has decreased firstly and then increased. Compared with 1991, the vital capacity of boys has increased, while girls have decreased in 2019. The level of vital capacity of urban and rural students leads alternately with the urban-rural gap still exists. It is necessary to formulate corresponding strategies according to different gender and age groups to improve the vital capacity level of students. Attention should also be paid to physical education in rural schools to further narrow the gap between urban and rural areas.更多还原