【摘要】 惰性阳极铝电解技术是未来铝工业持续低碳发展并实现碳中和目标的一项重要技术，惰性阳极材料是实现惰性阳极铝电解技术的核心之一。近年来，国内外学者对铝电解用惰性阳极材料进行了广泛研究，并取得了长足进展，本文着重整理分析了金属合金、NiFe₂O₄基金属陶瓷惰性阳极以及惰性阳极铝电解技术的最新研究进展，重点从烧结制备工艺优化、陶瓷相优化、金属相优化三个方面讨论了NiFe₂O₄基金属陶瓷惰性阳极材料性能提升的方法和研究现状，并阐明了NiFe₂O₄基金属陶瓷惰性阳极的导电机理和腐蚀机理。最后，归纳了当前惰性阳极材料研究中可以明确的重要结论，并认为采用竖式电极结构、金属陶瓷惰性阳极的铝电解技术是未来工业化的主要方向，研发需要解决的主要问题是提高惰性阳极的耐腐蚀性能，同时兼顾平衡力学性能（抗热震）和导电性能，陶瓷相优化将成为提高金属陶瓷耐蚀性和导电性的重点，金属相的优化目标是提高金属陶瓷抗热震性能以及配合陶瓷相在电解过程中形成动态致密的耐腐蚀膜层。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aluminum electrolysis technology with inert anode is an important technology for the sustainable low-carbon development of the future aluminum industry and forachieving the strategic goal of carbon neutrality. Inert anode material is one of the core forachieving inert anode aluminum electrolysistechnology.In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have conducted extensive research on inert anode materials for aluminum electrolysis and made significant progress.The latest research progress of metal alloy, NiFe₂O₄ based cermet anodes, and inert anode aluminum electrolysis technology were focused on in this article. The optimization methods and research status of NiFe₂O₄ based cermet materials were discussed from three aspects: sintering and preparation process optimization, ceramic phase optimization, and metal phase optimization. The conductive and corrosion mechanisms of NiFe₂O₄ based cermet anodeswere also elucidated. Finally, important conclusions that can be clarified from the current research were summarized, and it was believed that aluminum electrolysis technology using vertical electrode structures and metal ceramic inert anodes is the main direction for future industrialization. The main problem that needs to be solved in research and development is to improve the corrosion resistance of inert anodes while balancing mechanical properties（thermal shock resistance） and conductivity. Ceramic phase optimization will focus onenhancing the corrosion resistance and conductivity of metal ceramics. The optimization goal of metal phases is to improve the thermal shock resistance of metal ceramics and form a dynamic and dense corrosion-resistant film layer during the electrolysis process in conjunction with ceramic phases.更多还原