【摘要】 电解水过程中产生的气泡会影响电解槽的稳定运行，了解气泡的成核、生长和脱离的规律是对气泡进行有效管理的前提。气泡生长是一个通过相界面的传质过程，从单气泡尺度模拟其演化行为，可以帮助深入理解电极表面气液传质过程，以及气泡的生成对局部流场和浓度场的影响关系，从而实现控制电解槽稳定运行、降低能耗以及提高电流效率等目的。实现单气泡生长行为的可视化，微电极的制备是必不可少的，微电极能够稳定且呈周期性的产生单个气泡。目前制备微电极的方法主要为铂丝嵌入环氧树脂法、光刻和电化学共沉积法、纳米盘电极法和印刷电路板法等，本文对这几种微电极制备方法的研究现状进行了阐述分析，不同学者制备微电极的实验结论存在差异，需要实验进行验证；目前微电极制备技术仍然无法对气泡的成核阶段进行可视化研究。未来，研究在电化学控制下气泡成核过程的可视化，并使用更快的电化学仪器来研究气泡的成核动力学将是重点。更多还原

【Abstract】 The bubbles generated during the water electrolysis process can affect the stable operation of the electrolytic cell. Understanding the nucleation, growth, and detachment of bubbles is a prerequisite for effectively managing them. Bubble growth is a mass transfer process through the phase interface. Simulating the evolution of bubbles at the single bubble scale can help us to deepen our understanding of the gas-liquid mass transfer process on the electrode surface, as well as the relationship between bubble generation and its impact on the local flow field and concentration field. This can help achieve the stable operation of the electrolytic cell, reduce energy consumption, and improve current efficiency. Visualizing the growth behavior of single bubbles is essential, and the preparation of microelectrodes is indispensable for this purpose, as microelectrodes can stably and periodically produce individual bubbles. Currently, the main methods for preparing microelectrodes include platinum wire embedded in epoxy resin, photolithography and electrochemical codeposition, nanodisk electrode method, and printed circuit board method. This paper elaborates and analyzes the research status of these microelectrode preparation methods. Experimental conclusions on the preparation of microelectrodes by different scholars differ and require experimental verification. Currently, microelectrode preparation technology still cannot visualize the nucleation stage of bubbles. In the future, the visualization of the nucleation process of bubbles under electrochemical control and the use of faster electrochemical instruments to study the nucleation kinetics of bubbles will be the focus.更多还原