【摘要】 以内蒙古某尾矿为研究对象，对其进行了工艺矿物学研究。多元素分析结果表明原料中REO含量为6.2%;矿物组成分析结果表明稀土矿物主要为氟碳铈和独居石，还含有少量的氟碳钙铈矿和黄河矿等，脉石矿物主要以铁矿物、萤石、辉石、闪石等为主；粒度筛析结果表明粒度在-25μm占比为62.9%,稀土矿物粒度较细，会对浮选回收造成不利影响。进行吸附动力学研究，选择氟碳铈矿单矿物进行单矿物浮选试验探究P₈用量和pH值对矿物可浮性的影响，氟碳铈矿在P₈浮选体系中有较好的可浮性，且氟碳铈矿浮选的最佳pH值为9。通过动力学方程对氟碳铈矿吸附P₈进行动力学拟合，结果表明P₈捕收能力强，适当用量可完全使氟碳铈矿上浮。以浮选为手段回收稀土矿物，在浮选试验中采用捕收性能和选择性都较好的羟肟酸类捕收剂P₈,对脉石矿物辉石、闪石等矿物具有良好抑制效果的水玻璃作为抑制剂，FM-132作为起泡剂，针对捕收剂用量、抑制剂用量、矿浆浓度、浮选温度以及浮选时间等进行条件试验确定最佳参数。经一粗两精闭路流程，可获得REO品位51.85%、REO回收率79.12%的稀土精矿，最佳参数为工业上对稀土的回收应用提供了技术支持，有利于实现稀土资源的高效利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taking a tailings in Inner Mongolia as the research object, the process mineralogy was studied.The results of multi-element analysis showed that the REO content in the raw materials was 6.2%,and the results of mineral composition analysis showed that the rare earth minerals were mainly cerium fluorocarbon and monazite, and also contained a small amount of cerium fluorocarbonite and Yellow River minerals.The gangue minerals were mainly iron minerals, fluorite, pyroxene, amphibole, and so on.The results of particle size sieve analysis showed that the particle size was 62.9% passing 25 μm, and the fine particle size of rare earth minerals would adversely affect the flotation recovery.The adsorption kinetics were studied, and the effects of P₈ dosage and pH value on the floatability of the minerals were investigated by the adsorption kinetics study, and the optimal pH value of the fluorocerite flotation was 9.The kinetic fitting of P₈ adsorption by the kinetic equation shows that P₈ has strong capture ability, and the appropriate dosage can completely float the basilite.In the flotation tests, the hydroxamic acid collector P₈ has good capture performance and selectivity, and the sodium silicate having good inhibitory effect on gangue minerals pyroxene and amphibole minerals were used as inhibitors.FM-132 was used as foaming agent.Laboratony experiments were carried out to determine the optimal flotation conditions such as collector dosage, inhibitor dosage, slurry concentration, flotation temperature and flotation time.Through a locked-cycle process of one roughing and two cleanings, a rare earth concentrate with a grade（REO）of 51.85% and a recovery of 79.12% can be obtained, which can effectively separate and recover the rare earth minerals in the tailings, and provide technical support for the recovery and application of rare earth in the industry, so as to realize the efficient utilization of rare earth resources.更多还原