【摘要】 为了研究断层倾角对活动断裂带引水隧洞围岩蠕滑机制和隧洞衬砌结构力学响应的影响，开展不同断层倾角作用下隧洞衬砌结构过活动断裂的蠕滑物理模型试验。分析不同断层倾角作用下活动断层的位移模式、衬砌的环向应变、纵向应变、围岩与衬砌接触压力的变化规律以及衬砌结构的启裂→扩展→破坏的整个过程。结果表明：不同断层倾角和不同错动量级作用下，隧洞轴线位移模式曲线均为“S”型，在错动盘和影响带之间存在滑动，该区间位移模式曲线的非连续特征明显。位移梯度曲线的峰值代表了位移变化的快慢，曲线的快速偏转区和峰值区域也对应着衬砌结构的严重破坏区。通过位移梯度定义了错断风险评估指标，发现随着活动断裂带倾角的减小，隧洞衬砌结构在破碎带区域更容易发生错断，且破坏程度也越加严重；同时，随着活动断裂带倾角的减小，高错断风险区域逐渐贯穿整个破碎带区域，故错断风险评估指标可以作为评价结构破坏严重程度的定量指标。对于隧洞外观破坏情况，位于错动盘和上影响带交界区域的衬砌更容易发生错断。随着活动断裂带倾角的减小，衬砌结构破坏影响范围和破坏范围与洞径的比值也逐渐增大。在断层倾角为90°时，破坏范围与洞径的比值为1.36，在断层倾角为70°时，破坏范围与洞径的比值为1.88，在断层倾角为60°时，破坏范围与洞径的比值为2.64。因此，隧洞衬砌结构垂直穿越活动断裂带发生错断的风险最小。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the influence of fault dip angle on the creep mechanism of surrounding rock and the mechanical response of tunnel lining structure in diversion tunnel with active fault zone,the creep physical model test of tunnel lining structure passing through active fault under different fault dip angles is carried out. On the basis of the test results,the displacement mode of active faults,the circumferential strain and longitudinal strain of lining,and the change law of contact pressure between surrounding rock and lining under different fault dip angles are analyzed. The whole process of crack initiation→expansion→failure of lining structure is observed. The results show that the displacement mode curves of the tunnel axis under different fault dip angles and different dislocation magnitudes are all S-shaped. And there is sliding between the staggered plate and the influence zone. This makes the discontinuous characteristics of the displacement mode curve in this interval obvious. The peak of the displacement gradient curve represents the speed of the displacement change. The rapid deflection area and the peak area of the curve also correspond to the serious damage area of the lining structure. The dislocation risk assessment index is defined by the displacement gradient. It is found that with the decrease of the dip angle of the active fault zone,the tunnel lining structure is more likely to be broken in the fracture zone and the damage degree is more serious. At the same time,with the decrease of the dip angle of the active fault zone,the high fault risk area gradually runs through the whole fracture zone area. Therefore,the fault risk assessment index can be used as a quantitative index to evaluate the severity of structural damage. In terms of the appearance damage of the tunnel,the lining located at the junction of the staggered plate and the upper influence zone is more likely to be broken. With the decrease of the dip angle of the active fault zone,the damage range of the lining structure and the ratio of the damage range to the hole diameter also gradually increase. When the fault dip angle is 90°,the ratio of the failure range to the hole diameter is 1.36. When the fault dip angle is 70°,the ratio of the failure range to the hole diameter is 1.88.When the fault dip angle is 60°,the ratio of the failure range to the hole diameter is 2.64. Therefore,the risk of the tunnel lining structure crossing the active fault zone vertically is the smallest.更多还原