【摘要】 激光定向能量沉积是金属增材制造的关键技术之一，具有长周期作业、持续热循环、逐层/道累加的工艺特性。该特性下，如何保障加工过程的长期稳定、可靠，是该技术突破现阶段应用瓶颈的关键之一。加工过程监测与控制是制造领域提升工艺稳定性的重要途径。如能在激光定向能量沉积中及时感知加工状态变化，避免缺陷产生，则可显著提升加工质量可靠性，避免因局部缺陷导致整体构件报废。聚焦激光定向能量沉积监测与调控，首先，综述了现阶段工业级激光定向能量沉积装备的监测与控制发展情况；其次，分析了目前可用于激光定向能量沉积的传感信号及质量监测效果；然后，针对熔池形貌特征、沉积层几何特征、温度特征等，分别阐述了目前的控制策略及能力；最后，分析了监测和控制技术面临的挑战，提出了可能的解决方案，旨在推动激光定向能量沉积技术发展，以满足高端领域制造需求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Laser Directed Energy Deposition(LDED) is one of the key technologies in metal additive manufacturing, characterized by long-duration operations, continuous thermal cycling, and a layer-by-layer or track-by-track accumulation process. Under these conditions, ensuring long-term stability during the manufacturing process is a critical factor in overcoming the current application bottlenecks of this technology. Process monitoring and control are essential approaches to improving process stability in the manufacturing field. By detecting changes in the processing state during LDED in real time and preventing defect formation, the reliability of manufacturing quality can be significantly improved, and the risk of scrapping entire components due to localized defects can be avoided. Focusing on monitoring and control in LDED, this paper first reviews the current development of monitoring and control technologies in industrial-grade LDED equipment. Secondly, it analyzes the types of sensing signals available for LDED and their effectiveness in quality monitoring. Then, it elaborates on current control strategies and capabilities based on characteristics such as melt pool morphology, deposited layer geometry, and thermal features. Finally, the paper examines the challenges faced by monitoring and control technologies, proposing potential solutions aimed at advancing LDED technology to meet the manufacturing demands of high-end applications.更多还原