【摘要】 随着工业化和城市化的快速发展，废水中重金属离子的排放对环境和人类健康构成了严重威胁。通过文献调研综述了化学沉淀法、吸附法、离子交换法、膜分离法、溶剂萃取法、电解法和电离辐照法对废水中重金属离子的处理。这些方法各有优缺点，需要根据待处理重金属废水的性质特征和处理要求选择适合的方法。未来的研究方向应集中在开发高效、低成本、环保的重金属离子处理技术上，同时应加强对处理过程中副产物的处理和资源化利用的研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the discharge of heavy metal ions in wastewater poses a serious threat to the environment and human health. This review summarizes the treatment of heavy metal ions in wastewater by chemical precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange, membrane separation, solvent extraction, electrolysis and ionizing irradiation. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, and suitable methods need to be selected according to the characteristics and treatment requirements of heavy metal wastewater to be treated. The future research direction should focus on the development of efficient, low-cost and environmentally friendly heavy metal ion treatment technology, and the research on the treatment and resource utilization of by-products in the treatment process should be strengthened.更多还原