【摘要】 针对防止承受复杂循环载荷的承压设备和部件发生棘轮失效的重要性，各国标准给出了相应的评定准则。我国新修订的压力容器分析设计标准GB/T 4732—2024《压力容器分析设计》中对棘轮这一重要失效模式给出了弹性分析、简化的弹塑性分析和弹塑性分析等3种评定方法，对该标准中3种棘轮评定方法的分析要求及修订的理论背景进行了详细的解读和探讨，通过算例着重介绍了新标准中简化的弹塑性方法和弹塑性方法的应用，并验证了棘轮评定中的这两种方法的一致性，旨在为工程设计人员更好地理解新标准提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 For the pressure equipment and component subjected to complicated cyclic loads,it is very important to prevent ratcheting failure.Therefore,the corresponding assessment criteria are given in international codes around the world.Three assessment methods for this important failure mode of ratcheting are provided in the newly revised standard GB/T 4732—2024Pressure Vessels Design by Analysis,which are based on elastic analysis,simplified elastic-plastic analysis and elastic-plastic analysis respectively.The analytical requirements and the theoretical background for revision of these three ratcheting assessment methods were interpreted and discussed in detail.Finally,based on an example,the application of the simplified elastic-plastic analysis method and the elastic-plastic method in the new standard were presented and the consistency of them in ratcheting assessment was validated with a view to providing useful reference for engineering designers to better understand the new standard.更多还原