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精准扶贫背景下中国贫困县的夜间灯光时空变化分析

Spatiotemporal variations in nighttime lights in poverty-stricken counties in China

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【作者】 华婧吴宾陈佐旗杨成术唐曦孙斐然吴健平余柏蒗

【Author】 HUA Jing;WU Bin;CHEN Zuoqi;YANG Chengshu;TANG Xi;SUN Feiran;WU Jianping;YU Bailang;Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University;School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University;Key Laboratory of Spatial Data Mining and Information Sharing of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou University;The Academy of Digital China, Fuzhou University;

【通讯作者】 余柏蒗;

【机构】 华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室华东师范大学地理科学学院福州大学空间数据挖掘与信息共享教育部重点实验室福州大学数字中国研究院(福建)

【摘要】 2020年是中国全面打赢脱贫攻坚战的收官之年。合理评估减贫效果是当前验收工作的重点,并对探索解决相对贫困的长效机制具有重要意义。本文通过生产精准扶贫阶段(2014年—2020年NPP-VIIRS)夜间灯光遥感年合成数据,构建县域夜间灯光指数和变化指数,分别探讨了中国831个国家级贫困县和14个集中连片特困区的减贫效果。结果表明:2014年以来中国大部分贫困县的经济水平得到显著提高,减贫效果突出;仍有108个贫困县夜间灯光强度呈现负增长趋势,主要位于西部地区的集中连片特困区交界处,西部地区内部出现南北发展不平衡现象;14个集中连片特困地区的夜间灯光亮度变化呈现出基数小增速快(Ⅰ型)、基数大增速快(Ⅱ型)、基数大增速慢(Ⅲ型)和基数小增速慢(Ⅳ型) 4种类型,且在集中连片特困区交界处和省级行政边界交汇处呈现高高集聚和低低制约的空间分布格局,交界处的贫困县易被边缘化。进一步分析表明,实施基础设施扶贫、特色产业扶贫、资产收益扶贫(光伏扶贫)、易地搬迁扶贫这4类脱贫路径的贫困县夜间灯光变化明显。

【Abstract】 Poverty is a major problem faced by developing countries. As the world’s largest developing country, China has been committed to poverty eradication. 2020 is the final year of China’s comprehensive victory in the war against poverty. At present, China has entered the post-poverty era, and the reasonable assessment of the poverty reduction effect is the focus of the acceptance work at this stage, which is of great significance to explore a long-term mechanism for solving relative poverty. The county-level geographical unit is the basic unit for China to formulate and implement the macro and micro policies and strategies for regional poverty reduction. Concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas concentrated in mountainous areas, old revolutionary base areas, and areas with poor natural resource endowment,with large internal development differences, belong to the most disaster-hit areas of poverty in China. After synthesizing an annual dataset of NPP-VIIRS nighttime light(NTL) data from 2014 to 2020, we developed a county-level NTL index to investigate the poverty reduction effects of 831 national level poverty-stricken counties and 14 concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas in China. The economic level of most poverty-stricken counties in China improved significantly during the study period, and the poverty reduction effect was prominent.However, 108 poverty-stricken counties still suffer from negative growth in terms of NTL intensity; these counties are located mainly at the junction of concentrated and contiguous poverty-stricken areas in the western region. The border area, mainly inhabited by ethnic minorities,has a poor ecological environment, a low level of economic development, and a relatively poor self-development ability, which may lead to a relatively poor poverty reduction effect. In addition, the NTL intensity development between the northern and southern parts of the western region is unbalanced. The growth rate of NTL in poor counties decreased from the east to the middle and western regions. In terms of the overall poverty alleviation trend, there was a period of rapid development in poor counties in the year before the declaration of poverty alleviation. However, after the declaration of poverty alleviation, the intensity of NTL decreased, the speed of poverty reduction slowed down, and there may be a risk of returning to poverty in some poor counties. Four NTL development modes, i.e., a small NTL base with a rapid growth rate(mode I), a large NTL base with a rapid growth rate(mode II), a large NTL base with a slow growth rate(mode III), and a small NTL base with a slow growth rate(mode IV), were identified in the 14 concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas. The high-and low-restriction modes were distributed at the junction areas of the different provincial administrative boundaries. In addition, poor counties along the border are vulnerable to marginalization. Further analysis indicated that significant NTL changes are apparent in the povertystricken counties, as demonstrated by their four poverty alleviation paths including infrastructure poverty alleviation, characteristic industry poverty alleviation, asset income poverty alleviation(photovoltaic poverty alleviation), and relocation poverty alleviation. However, the poverty reduction effect of poverty-stricken counties that take ecological compensation poverty alleviation, social guarantee poverty alleviation, and agricultural industry poverty alleviation as the leading poverty reduction methods are difficult to reflect in the NTL.

【基金】 国家自然科学基金(编号:41871331,41801343,42001357);上海市青年科技英才扬帆计划项目(编号:19YF1413800);华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室主任基金(编号:KLGIS2021C01);中央高校基本科研业务费专项~~
  • 【文献出处】 遥感学报 ,National Remote Sensing Bulletin , 编辑部邮箱 ,2024年04期
  • 【分类号】F323.8;P237
  • 【下载频次】144
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