【摘要】 为了探讨互花米草入侵对如东滩涂的生态影响，于2022年6月和11月对南通市如东县长沙镇滩涂的互花米草区、光滩区以及2个区域交接处的互花米草区3种生境分别进行沉积物和大型底栖动物群落采样，分析季节和生境对沉积物的理化性质和大型底栖动物的组成、栖息密度、生物量、生物多样性、群落结构等特征的影响。结果表明：(1)研究区域大型底栖动物经鉴定共计4门26种；其中，夏季共计4门17种，米草区、交接区和光滩区3种生境中优势度最高的物种分别为黑口滨螺(Littoraria melanostoma)、粗糙滨螺(L.scabra)和长吻沙蚕(Glycera chirori);秋季共计3门20种，优势度最高的物种分别为绯拟沼螺(Latericea assiminea)、中国绿螂(Glauconome chinensis)和齿吻沙蚕属某种(Nephtys sp.)。(2)夏秋2季大型底栖动物栖息密度、生物量和生物多样性指数的差异均不显著(P>0.05)。(3)3个区域底栖动物的生物量和物种丰富度d无明显差异(P>0.05),栖息密度则为交接区>米草区>光滩区(P<0.01);米草区和光滩区的物种多样性H′和物种均匀度J′差异不显著，但均高于交接区(P<0.05);(4)密度生物量比较法(abundance and biomass curves, ABC曲线法)结果表明：光滩群落结构稳定，互花米草入侵区域群落结构发生变化。互花米草入侵光滩后，显著改变了滩涂湿地大型底栖动物群落的组成和结构，增加了腹足纲(如粗糙滨螺和黑口滨螺)的密度，降低了经济性双壳贝类(如文蛤)的密度和生物量。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the ecological impact of Spartina alterniflora invasion on the tidal flat in Rudong County, Nantong City, sediment and macrobenthic community samples were collected from three different habitats(S.alterniflora area, bare mudflat and transition zone) in June and November 2022. The effects of season and habitat on the physicochemical properties of sediments and characteristics such as composition, habitat density, biomass, biodiversity, and community structure of macrobenthic animals were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) A total of 26 species belonging to 4 phyla were identified as macrobenthic animals in the study area. In summer, a total of 17 species belonging to 4 phyla were recorded with Littoraria melanostoma, L. scabra, and Glycera chirori being the dominant species in S. alterniflora area, transition zone and bare mudflat respectively; in autumn, a total of 20 species belonging to 3 phyla were recorded with Latericea assiminea, Glauconome chinensis, and Nephtys sp. being the dominant species. 2) No significant difference was observed on abundance, biomass and biodiversity of macrobenthic animals between summer and autumn(P>0.05). 3) Although there was no significant difference in abundance or species richness d among three areas(P>0.05), abundance varied significantly(P<0.01), with the highest values recorded at the transition zones followed by S. alterniflora area, then bare mudflat. Species diversity H′ and evenness J′ did not significantly differ between S. alterniflora area and bare mudflat but both exceeded those at transition zone(P< 0.05). 4) The ABC curve revealed that the community structure remained stable in bare flat while it changed after S. alterniflora invasion. The invasion significantly altered tidal wetland macrobenthic animal community composition, increasing gastropod class abundance(e.g., L. scabra and L. melanostoma) while decreasing the abundance and biomass of economically important bivalve class(e.g., clam).更多还原