【摘要】 本试验旨在研究正常体重(NBW)仔猪和宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)仔猪肠道菌群的定植特征及其与器官生长发育的潜在联系。试验选取NBW仔猪和IUGR仔猪各12头，21日龄断奶后转至单栏饲喂，经7 d适应后，开始为期28 d的饲养试验。分别于试验的第0和28天空腹称重并记录，屠宰后分离肝脏、脾脏和胰腺称重；分离空肠、回肠和结肠称重并测量长度，采集肠内容物进行微生物组分析。结果表明，与NBW仔猪相比，IUGR仔猪的末重、肝脏重、空肠重和长度均显著降低(P<0.05),而肝脏系数，回肠重、长度和系数以及结肠重、长度与系数均显著升高(P<0.05)。NBW仔猪和IUGR仔猪空肠、回肠和结肠微生物α和β多样性均无明显改变，而IUGR仔猪空肠变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度呈升高趋势(P=0.08),回肠Proteobacteria和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)丰度显著升高、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。此外，Spearman分析发现肠道菌丰度与仔猪器官发育密切相关，其中呈显著负相关(P<0.05)的包括：空肠葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)与末重、肝脏重和胰腺重，回肠Firmicutes与回肠重、回肠长度和回肠系数；呈显著正相关(P<0.05)的包括：回肠Proteobacteria与回肠重、回肠系数和肝脏系数，结肠Actinobacteria与结肠重和结肠系数。由上可见，NBW仔猪与IUGR仔猪断奶后肠道菌群定植发生明显变化，这与仔猪的器官生长发育受阻具有明显的相关性。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study was aimed to identify the characteristics of intestinal microbiota colonization and their potential association with organ growth and development in normal body weight(NBW) piglets and intrauterine growth retardation piglets(IUGR). Twelve NBW piglets and 12 IUGR piglets were selected for the experiment. The piglets were weaned at 21 days of age, and then were fed individually. After 7 days of adaptation, a 28-day feeding experiment was conducted. At the end of the experiment, the piglets were slaughtered and their liver, spleen and pancreas were separated and weighed. Their jejunum, ileum, and colon were also separated and weighed. The contents of the jejunum, ileum, and colon were collected for microbiome sequencing. The results showed that, compared with those of the NBW piglets, the final weight, liver weight, jejunum weight and length of the IUGR piglets were significantly decreased(P<0.05). However, their liver index; ileum weight, length and the index; and colon weight length and the index were significantly increased(P<0.05). The microbiota α and β diversity of the jejunum, ileum, and colon in the NBW piglets and IUGR piglets did not vary significantly; but the jejunal Proteobacteria abundance in the IUGR piglets was increased(P=0.08), their Ileal Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria abundances were significantly increased(P<0.05), and their Firmicutes abundance was significantly decreased(P<0.05). Furthermore, the spearman correlation analysis showed that the intestinal differential microbiota was closely correlated with the organ development of the piglets, and there were significant negative correlations(P<0. 05) between their jejunal Staphylococcus and final weight, liver weight, and pancreas weight; and between their ileal Firmicutes and ileal weight, length, and index. There were significant positive correlations(P<0. 05) between ileal Proteobacteria and ileal weight, ileal index and liver index; and between colonic Actinobacteria with colonic weight and index. In conclusion, these results indicated that the intestinal microbial colonization in the NBW piglets and IUGR piglets varied significantly after weaning, which was significantly correlated with the organ growth and development of the piglets.更多还原