【摘要】 目的 分析三江源地区流通的砖茶品种、产地、氟含量以及当地居民奶茶饮用情况，为评价砖茶氟摄入量安全性提供科学依据。方法 2022年根据历史资料，在三江源地区有饮用奶茶习惯的11个县(市)，每县具有饮用砖茶习惯的村为单位开展调查。每村抽取10户家庭，调查每户家庭人口学资料及奶茶饮用情况，采集饮用水、砖茶、奶茶样本测定氟含量，计算>16岁人口日人均奶茶氟摄入量。水氟、茶氟含量检测采用离子选择电极法。结果 共采集生活饮用水82份，水氟含量均值为0.22mg/L，范围为(0.10～0.74)mg/L。采集砖茶样本873份，以康砖、茯砖为主，分别占全部砖茶的42.96%(375/873)、34.48%(301/873)，其次金尖占11.80%(103/873)、大茶占4.81%(42/873)、黑砖占4.35%(38/873)、青砖占1.60%(14/873);流通的砖茶品牌有69个，以四川省生产的砖茶为主，占全部砖茶的56.24%(491/873),其次湖南省的砖茶占37.46%(327/873)。砖茶氟含量均值为752.3mg/kg，范围为(242～1 836)mg/kg，其中金尖、康砖的氟含量较高(P<0.001)；茶氟含量≤300 mg/kg的砖茶3份，占全部样本的0.34%;>16岁人口年人均砖茶消耗量为3.40kg(1.05～5.37)kg；共采集奶茶样本554份，氟含量均值为2.25mg/L，范围为(0.82～12.18) mg/L;日人均奶茶饮用量为2 575 ml，日人均奶茶氟摄入量为5.79mg，范围为(2.92～13.06)mg，其中10个县的日人均奶茶氟摄入量均超过我国日人均总摄氟量卫生标准(3.50 mg)。结论 三江源地区流通的砖茶主要以四川、湖南生产的康砖、茯砖为主，砖茶氟含量超标，奶茶氟含量高，人群摄氟量超标，危害范围广，应尽快采取有效防控措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To analyze the types,origins,fluoride content of brick tea available in the Sanjiangyuan region,and the local residents’ consumption of milk tea,providing a scientific basis for assessing the safety of fluoride intake from brick tea.Methods In 2022,based on historical data,a survey was conducted in 11 counties(cities) in the Sanjiangyuan region where residents habitually consume milk tea.Villages with a brick tea consumption habit were selected as the unit of investigation within each county.Ten households were randomly sampled from each village to collect demographic data and information on milk tea consumption.Samples of drinking water,brick tea,and milk tea were collected to measure fluoride content,calculating the daily per capita fluoride intake from milk tea for individuals over 16 years of age.The fluoride content in water and tea was measured using ion-selective electrode methods.Results A total of 82 drinking water samples were collected,with an average fluoride concentration of 0.22 mg/L,ranging from 0.10 to 0.74 mg/L.A total of 873 brick tea samples were collected,primarily consisting of Kang brick and Fu brick,accounting for 42.96%(375/873) and 34.48%(301/873) of the total,respectively.Other varieties included Jin Jian(11.80%,103/873),Da tea(4.81%,42/873),Hei brick(4.35%,38/873),and Qing brick(1.60%,14/873).There were 69 brands of brick tea available,predominantly produced in Sichuan Province(56.24%,491/873),followed by Hunan Province(37.46%,327/873).The average fluoride content in brick tea was 752.3 mg/kg,with a range of 242 to 1 836 mg/kg,with Jin Jian and Kang brick showing significantly higher fluoride levels(P < 0.001).Only three samples of brick tea had fluoride content ≤300 mg/kg,representing 0.34% of all samples.The annual per capita consumption of brick tea for individuals over 16 years was 3.40 kg(1.05-5.37 kg).A total of 554 milk tea samples were collected,with an average fluoride concentration of 2.25 mg/L,ranging from 0.82 to 12.18 mg/L.The daily per capita consump-tion of milk tea was 2 575 ml,leading to a daily per capita fluoride intake from milk tea of 5.79 mg,with a range of 2.92 to13.06 mg.In ten counties,the daily per capita fluoride intake from milk tea exceeded the national health standard for total daily fluoride intake(3.50 mg).Conclusion The brick tea circulating in the Sanjiangyuan region is mainly composed of Kang and Fu bricks produced in Sichuan and Hunan,with excessive fluoride content in both brick tea and milk tea.The fluoride intake among the population exceeds safe levels,posing widespread health risks,necessitating the prompt implementation of effective preventive measures.更多还原