【摘要】 目的 观察和分析3D打印的人体结构模型在中枢神经系统解剖学教学中的应用效果，探讨3D打印在解剖学教学中的作用和意义。方法 本研究选取西安交通大学医学部2020级临床医学专业10个自然班(每班19～21人),分为实验组和对照组，每组5个小班。在中枢神经系统理论授课后，实验组用实物标本和3D打印的人体结构模型，对照组仅用实物标本进行实验课教学，其他实验条件相同。实验课结束后，进行标本识认测试，测试20个结构，每个结构5分，考察学习效果；对实验组学生进行无记名问卷调查，了解学生对3D打印人体模型在解剖学教学中应用的感受和意见；在期末理论考试中，统计和分析实验组与对照组中枢神经系统部分的得分，评判学习效果。结果 标本识认测试中，实验组学生测试的平均成绩显著高于对照组，80分以上学生人数明显多于对照组。所有实验组学生认为3D打印的中枢神经系统模型使用方便，大多数的学生认为3D打印的人体结构模型能提高学习神经解剖学的兴趣，促进对中枢神经系统解剖空间结构的理解，促进解剖学知识的记忆。在期末理论考试中，实验组中枢神经系统部分的得分高于对照组。结论 应用3D打印人体模型能提高中枢神经系统解剖学教学的质量，可进一步推广到解剖学其他章节的教学。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the application effect of 3D printing human models in teaching of central nervous system of Human Anatomy. Methods Students major in clinical medicine Grade 2020 in Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center were divided into experimental group and control group. After the central nervous system theory teaching, the experimental group used 3D printing models and specimens of human central nervous system, while the control group only used specimens for experimental teaching, other experimental conditions were same.After the experiments, the learning effect was investigated by the specimen recognition test.An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among the students in the experimental group to understand their feelings and opinions on the application of 3D printing in anatomy teaching. At the end of the semester, the score of central nervous system in final examination was evaluated.Results In the specimen recognition test, it is showed that the average score of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, the number of students with 80 points and high was significantly more than the control group. All the experimental group students regarded that 3D printing models of the central nervous system were convenient to use, the majority of students believed that 3D printing models could improve the interest of learning neuroanatomy, promote the understanding of the structures of central nervous system, promote the anatomy knowledge memory, and could be applied to study other chapters of the Human Anatomy. In the final examination, the average score of the central nervous system in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group.Conclusion 3D printing human models could improve the experimental teaching quality of central nervous system, and could be spread to other chapters of Human Anatomy.更多还原