【摘要】 旨在研究立式深旋松耕作条件下有机肥替代部分化肥对马铃薯水肥利用和产量的影响，为实现水肥资源高效利用和绿色生产提供依据。设置全膜覆盖立式深旋松耕不施肥(VP),全膜覆盖立式深旋松耕施化肥(VPF),全膜覆盖立式深旋松耕有机肥替代60%化肥(VPO)3个处理。测定土壤含水量、叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)、叶面积指数(LAI))、块茎产量，计算贮水量、阶段耗水量和水肥利用效率等。结果表明：与VP相比，VPO和VPF均提高了马铃薯群体叶面积指数(LAI)和叶片SPAD值，二者均减慢了马铃薯块茎膨大期后的LAI和叶片SPAD值降低幅度，延长了光合期。2018-2020年，VPO和VPF均降低了土壤贮水量，尤其是收获期较VP降低了6.45%～18.33%;VPO降低了花前耗水量和水分利用效率，同时增加了花后耗水量，花后耗水量较VPF和VP增加了20.61～92.74 mm。VPO降低了肥料贡献率，提高了肥料的农学效率和偏生产力，较VPF分别提高了37.66%～201.22%和117.94%～165.29%;VPO和VPF都增加了马铃薯的块茎产量和商品率，块茎产量较VP增加了10.66%～68.39%和19.35%～93.16%。因此，立式深旋松条件下有机肥替代部分化肥可延长叶片光合功能期，改变了马铃薯的耗水进程，没有降低块茎产量，同时还提高了商品率和肥料的农学效率，是资源高效和作物增产的养分管理模式。更多还原

【Abstract】 Deep rotary tillage can enhance soil hydrothermal conditions in semi-arid areas. Research on effect of partially substituting chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer on potato yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency under deep rotary tillage can provide a foundation for the efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources and green agricultural production. A field experiment was conducted with three treatments: 1) Deep rotary tillage with full film covering and no fertilization(VP), 2) Deep rotary tillage with full film covering and chemical fertilizer(VPF), and 3) Deep rotary tillage with full film covering and 60% of the chemical fertilizer replaced by organic fertilizer(VPO). Soil water content, relative chlorophyll content(SPAD), population leaf area index(LAI) and tuber yield of potato were measured, Soil water storage, stage water consumption, water and fertilizer use efficiency were calculated. The results showed that compared with VP, both VPO and VPF increased the LAI and leaf SPAD values, and slowed down the decrease of LAI and leaf SPAD values after the expansion period of potato tubers, prolonged the photosynthetic period. During 2018 to 2020, both VPO and VPF reduced soil water storage, especially during the harvest period, which were 6.45%-18.33% lower compared to VP. VPO reduced pre-flower water consumption and water use efficiency, while increasing post-flower water consumption by 20.61 mm-92.74 mm compared to VPF and VP. VPO reduced the contribution rate of fertilizer and improved the agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of fertilizer, 37.66% to 201.22% and 117.94% to 165.29% higher than VPF, respectively. Both VPO and VPF increased the tuber yield and commodity rate of potatoes, and the tuber yield increased by 10.66% to 68.39% and 19.35% to 93.16%, respectively, compared to VP. Therefore, substituting organic fertilizer for a portion of chemical fertilizer can prolong the photosynthetic function period of leaves, change the water consumption process of potatoes, enhance the commodity rate and agronomic efficiency of fertilizers without reducing tuber yield under deep rotary tillage.This represents a nutrient management model for resource efficiency and increased crop yield.更多还原