【摘要】 气候变化和人类活动的双重影响导致全球灵长类生物多样性急剧下降。中国是北半球灵长类动物种类最多的国家，但在农业社会向现代社会转型的过程中，现代农业的扩张、自然资源的消耗以及土地的过度开发，使中国面临着严重的生态威胁。为此，中国实施了包括栖息地恢复和保护在内的多种生态保护措施，在生物多样性保护方面取得了实质性进展，某些地区的灵长类动物种群数量有所增加。该研究对中国灵长类动物的历史文献和实地调查资料进行了系统分析，对中国灵长类动物的濒危状况进行了评估。尽管大多数灵长类物种的栖息地有所改善，种群数量也有所增长，但许多物种仍然面临着严重的威胁，包括种群数量的减少。例如，缅甸金丝猴、东黑冠长臂猿和海南长臂猿等物种由于分布范围有限和种群数量极少，仍然特别脆弱。科学数据的缺乏以及保护生物学研究的不足，进一步加剧了这些挑战。此外，蜂猴、倭蜂猴、印支灰叶猴、肖氏乌叶猴和戴帽叶猴等物种的详细种群监测数据仍然缺乏，这严重阻碍了针对这些物种保护管理政策的制定。因此，在生物多样性保护方面，迫切需要开展专门的灵长类动物调查，实行跨境保护和区域合作，建立全面系统的数据库平台，对灵长类生物学进行持续深入的研究。此外，加强公众对野生动物保护的认识也至关重要。这些综合、系统的工作将为中国灵长类物种的保护和管理提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dual impact of climate change and human activities has led to a sharp decline in global primate biodiversity. China, which has the most diverse primate species in the northern hemisphere, faces severe ecological threats during its transition from an agricultural to a modern society due to the expansion of modern agriculture, over-exploitation and consumption of natural resources, and excessive land development. In response, China has implemented various ecological conservation measures, including habitat restoration and protection. These efforts have made substantial progress in biodiversity conservation, with certain regions seeing an increase in primate populations. This study conducted a systematic review of historical documents and field research data related to Chinese primates, evaluating the endangered status of primate species in China. Despite improvements in the habitats of most primate species and some population growth, many species still face severe threats, including declining and small populations. Species such as the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri), eastern black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus), and Hainan gibbon(N. hainanus) remain particularly vulnerable due to their limited distribution ranges and extremely small populations. Insufficient scientific data, fragmented information, and a lack of comprehensive studies in conservation biology further exacerbate these challenges. Additionally, there is a notable lack of detailed population monitoring data for species such as the Bengal slow loris(Nycticebus bengalensis), Pygmy slow loris(N. pygmaeus), Indochinese gray langur(Trachypithecus crepusculus), Shortridge’s langur(T. shortridgei), and capped langur(T. pileatus), hindering the development of practical and targeted conservation management strategies. Therefore, for national biodiversity conservation, there is an urgent need for specialized primate surveys, enhanced habitat protection and restoration, and increased focus on cross-border conservation strategies and regional cooperation. Establishing a comprehensive and systematic research database platform, conducting continuous and in-depth research in primate biology. Additionally, strengthening public awareness on wildlife conservation remains essential. Such integrated and systematic efforts will provide scientific support for the current and future conservation and management of primate species in China.更多还原