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中国灵长类动物保护的成就与挑战

Achievements and challenges in primate conservation in China

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【作者】 李保国张河李明蒋学龙范朋飞周江郭松涛齐晓光李进华路纪琪夏东坡崔亮伟向左甫周岐海黄志旁黄乘明肖文胡慧建周智鑫陈明勇黎大勇范朋来杨寅潘汝亮

【Author】 LI Baoguo;ZHANG He;LI Ming;JIANG Xuelong;FAN Pengfei;ZHOU Jiang;GUO Songtao;QI Xiaoguang;LI Jinhua;LU Jiqi;XIA Dongpo;CUI Liangwei;XIANG Zuofu;ZHOU Qihai;HUANG Zhipang;HUANG Chengming;XIAO Wen;HU Huijian;ZHOU Zhixin;CHEN Mingyong;LI Dayong;FAN Penglai;YANG Yin;PAN Ruliang;Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation/College of Life Sciences, Northwest University;Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology/College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology/Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution/Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University;School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University;International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology,Anhui University;Institute of Biodiversity and Ecology, Zhengzhou University;Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University;College of Life Sciences and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology;Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education),Guangxi Normal University;International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation Centre, Dali University;Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization/Institute of Zoology,Guangdong Academy of Sciences;School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University;Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education),China West Normal University;Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University;School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia;

【机构】 西北大学生命科学学院/陕西珍稀濒危动物保育重点实验室江西农业大学林学院/保护生物学江西省重点实验室中国科学院动物研究所/动物生态学与保护生物学院重点实验室中国科学院昆明动物研究所/遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室中山大学生命科学学院贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院安徽大学黄山生物多样性与短尾猴行为生态学国际联合研究中心郑州大学生物多样性与生态学研究所西南林业大学云南省极小种群野生植物综合保护重点实验室中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院广西师范大学珍稀濒危动植物生态与环境保护教育部重点实验室大理大学国际生物多样性中心和灵长类动物保护中心广东省科学院动物研究所/广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室云南大学生命科学学院西华师范大学西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室云南大学国际河流与生态安全研究院西澳大学人类学学院

【摘要】 气候变化和人类活动的双重影响导致全球灵长类生物多样性急剧下降。中国是北半球灵长类动物种类最多的国家,但在农业社会向现代社会转型的过程中,现代农业的扩张、自然资源的消耗以及土地的过度开发,使中国面临着严重的生态威胁。为此,中国实施了包括栖息地恢复和保护在内的多种生态保护措施,在生物多样性保护方面取得了实质性进展,某些地区的灵长类动物种群数量有所增加。该研究对中国灵长类动物的历史文献和实地调查资料进行了系统分析,对中国灵长类动物的濒危状况进行了评估。尽管大多数灵长类物种的栖息地有所改善,种群数量也有所增长,但许多物种仍然面临着严重的威胁,包括种群数量的减少。例如,缅甸金丝猴、东黑冠长臂猿和海南长臂猿等物种由于分布范围有限和种群数量极少,仍然特别脆弱。科学数据的缺乏以及保护生物学研究的不足,进一步加剧了这些挑战。此外,蜂猴、倭蜂猴、印支灰叶猴、肖氏乌叶猴和戴帽叶猴等物种的详细种群监测数据仍然缺乏,这严重阻碍了针对这些物种保护管理政策的制定。因此,在生物多样性保护方面,迫切需要开展专门的灵长类动物调查,实行跨境保护和区域合作,建立全面系统的数据库平台,对灵长类生物学进行持续深入的研究。此外,加强公众对野生动物保护的认识也至关重要。这些综合、系统的工作将为中国灵长类物种的保护和管理提供科学依据。

【Abstract】 The dual impact of climate change and human activities has led to a sharp decline in global primate biodiversity. China, which has the most diverse primate species in the northern hemisphere, faces severe ecological threats during its transition from an agricultural to a modern society due to the expansion of modern agriculture, over-exploitation and consumption of natural resources, and excessive land development. In response, China has implemented various ecological conservation measures, including habitat restoration and protection. These efforts have made substantial progress in biodiversity conservation, with certain regions seeing an increase in primate populations. This study conducted a systematic review of historical documents and field research data related to Chinese primates, evaluating the endangered status of primate species in China. Despite improvements in the habitats of most primate species and some population growth, many species still face severe threats, including declining and small populations. Species such as the Myanmar snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus strykeri), eastern black crested gibbon(Nomascus nasutus), and Hainan gibbon(N. hainanus) remain particularly vulnerable due to their limited distribution ranges and extremely small populations. Insufficient scientific data, fragmented information, and a lack of comprehensive studies in conservation biology further exacerbate these challenges. Additionally, there is a notable lack of detailed population monitoring data for species such as the Bengal slow loris(Nycticebus bengalensis), Pygmy slow loris(N. pygmaeus), Indochinese gray langur(Trachypithecus crepusculus), Shortridge’s langur(T. shortridgei), and capped langur(T. pileatus), hindering the development of practical and targeted conservation management strategies. Therefore, for national biodiversity conservation, there is an urgent need for specialized primate surveys, enhanced habitat protection and restoration, and increased focus on cross-border conservation strategies and regional cooperation. Establishing a comprehensive and systematic research database platform, conducting continuous and in-depth research in primate biology. Additionally, strengthening public awareness on wildlife conservation remains essential. Such integrated and systematic efforts will provide scientific support for the current and future conservation and management of primate species in China.

【基金】 国家自然科学基金(32371563);中国科学院战略重点研究项目(XDB31020302)
  • 【文献出处】 西北大学学报(自然科学版) ,Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition) , 编辑部邮箱 ,2024年05期
  • 【分类号】Q958
  • 【下载频次】47
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