【摘要】 沉积盆地分布广、数量多，其中小型盆地数量占比居多。中国小型盆地占全国盆地总数的80%以上，虽然发现工业油气藏的小型盆地占比少于10%,远低于大—较大型盆地(>76%),但是小型含油气盆地的油气丰度(HAPUA)大多较高，“小而富”盆地远高于多数大中型含油气盆地，勘探成效较高。通过对中国16个含常规油气小型盆地的综合研究，根据盆地形成机制和动力环境的差异，将其分为残留型和原始型两大类型；进一步将后者细分为走滑、裂陷和热力成因3类。小型残留成因含油气盆地一般经历了主力烃源岩形成的原盆建造、后期改造残留和晚期覆埋生烃的演变时段，3期缺一不可。其中原盆中部分烃源岩得以残留奠定了资源基础，晚期深埋是烃源岩成烃-聚集并成藏的关键环节。原始小型含油气盆地中的走滑、裂陷和热力3种成因类型，均在较活动的动力环境中形成演化，一般具有较快沉降-沉积、较高地温场、活跃的深部背景和晚(后)期改造等特征。这类动力环境使盆地沉积了“小而厚”的地层并形成多种形式的构造圈闭，有利于生物超常勃发繁盛和优质烃源岩形成及生烃转化，有助于油气聚集成藏。盆地油气“小而富”与“小岩体成大矿”,在形成动力环境和成矿理论认识等方面有相通之处。这两大领域在科学研究和学术思想等方面可触类旁通、相互借鉴参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sedimentary basins are widely distributed on Earth. Among them, the small basins account for their majority. In China, small basins account for over 80% of the total number of basins, while in aspect of the industrial oil and gas reservoirs, the small-scale basins contribute less than 10% which is far less than large and medium-sized basins(>76%). However, the hydrocarbon abundances per unit area(HAPUA) of most small-scale petroliferous basins are high; for some basins characterized by “small but enriched”, the HAPUAs are much higher than large-to medium-sized petroliferous basins, resulting in higher exploration effectiveness. A comprehensive study of 16 small-scale basins containing conventional oil and gas in China was implemented. They are divided into remnant and proto small-scale basins based on the differences in basin formation mechanisms and dynamic environments. Furthermore, the proto small-scale basins are subdivided into strike-slip basin, rift basin, and thermal basin. Remnant small-scale petroliferous basins generally undergo three imperative evolutionary stages, including the proto-basin construction stage with development of the main source rock, the reformed and remnant stage, and the late buried and hydrocarbon generation stage. The residual source rocks in the proto-basin provide a resource foundation, and the deep burial in the late stage is the key link for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation. The three subtypes of proto small-scale basins, strike-slip, rift, and thermal basins, are all formed and developed in relatively active dynamic environments. They are generally characterized by rapid subsidence and deposition, relatively high geothermal fields, active deep background, and later-stage modification. This dynamic environment results deposition of “small but thick” strata in the basin and forms various structural traps. It also benefits the extraordinary growth and prosperity of organisms, the formation of high-quality source rocks, and hydrocarbon generation and accumulation. There are similarities between the “small but rich” petroliferous basins and the “small rock bodies forming large ore deposits” in terms of the formation dynamic environment and ore-forming theory. The two fields can be compared and mutually referenced in scientific research and academic thinking.更多还原