【摘要】 新烟碱类农药是目前农作物中使用最广泛的神经毒性杀虫剂之一，其残留超标问题一直备受关注。开发新烟碱类农药的高效快速检测技术对于保障食品安全具有重要意义。免疫快速检测凭借技术优势在食品安全监管中得到了广泛应用。作者综述了新烟碱类农药最大残留限量的现行标准，以及常用的新烟碱类农药快速免疫检测技术如酶联免疫吸附测定（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）技术、免疫层析技术、荧光免疫分析（fluorescence immunoassay,FIA）技术、化学发光免疫分析（chemiluminescence immunoassay,CLIA）技术和仿生ELISA技术的作用原理、特点、研究进展，并评价这些技术的优点与不足。最后对新烟碱类农药在食品安全快速分析检测中面临的挑战和发展前景进行讨论，以期为食品安全免疫快速检测方法的建立提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Neonicotinoid pesticides are one of the most widely used neurotoxic insecticides in crops, and their excessive residue levels have long been a significant concern. Developing efficient, rapid detection technology for neonicotinoid pesticides is crucial for ensuring food safety. Immunoassay-based rapid detection has gained increasing application in food safety monitoring due to its technical advantages. The author primarily reviews the current national standards for maximum residue limits of neonicotinoid pesticides and summarizes the principle,characteristics, and research progress of commonly used rapid immunoassay techniques including enzyme-linked im m unosorbent assay(E L ISA) technology, im m unochrom atography assay technology, fluorescence im m unoassay(FIA) technology, chemiluminescence immunoassay(CLIA) technology, and biomimetic E L ISA technology for their detection. The advantages and limitations of these techniques are also evaluated.Finally, the challenges and prospects of applying rapid analysis and detection of neonicotinoid pesticides in food safety are discussed, with the aim of providing a reference for the development of immunoassay-based rapid detection methods for food safety.更多还原