【摘要】 目的 了解2015—2017年中国15～49岁育龄妇女膳食多样化和营养素充足性。方法 于2015—2017年采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法，抽取31个省（自治区、直辖市） 17622名15～49岁育龄妇女。根据联合国粮农组织妇女最低膳食多样化指标和中国居民膳食营养素推荐量（2023）,分析15～49岁育龄妇女膳食多样化状况和营养素充足性。利用χ²检验进行地区、年龄组的统计学差异检验。结果 2015—2017年达到最低膳食多样化的中国育龄妇女为7078人（40.2%）,城市和农村分别为3817人（52.1%）和3261人（31.7%）,差异有统计学意义（χ²=739.09,P<0.01）;谷类根茎类（99.8%）、其他蔬菜（84.6%）和肉类（76.5%）摄入的比例较高，坚果种子类（7.9%）和奶类及制品（10.0%）摄入的比例较低。铁（0.98）、锌（0.95）和烟酸（0.91）的营养素适宜比在0.9以上，维生素B₁（0.69）、维生素C（0.68）、维生素B₂（0.63）、维生素A（0.63）和钙（0.46）的营养素适宜比例低于0.7。调整了能量摄入量、居住地、年龄组和地区后，达到最低膳食多样性的育龄妇女营养素适宜比高于未达标者（P<0.01）。结论 2015—2017年中国育龄妇女达到最低膳食多样化的比例较低，钙和维生素B类摄入相对不足。更多还原

【Abstract】 OBJECTIVE To describe the dietary diversity and micronutrients adequacy among women of reproductive age during 2015-2017 in China.METHODS Data was from the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2015-2017. Stratified multistage cluster sampling method was used, and 17622 women aged 15-49 years from 31 provinces（autonomous regions and municipalities） were involved. We analyzed the minimum dietary diversity and micronutrient adequacy among women of reproductive age with Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO） recommended indicator and the dietary reference intake for China（2023）. Chi-square test was used for statistical difference.RESULTS There were 7078（40.2%） women aged 15-49 years meeting minimum dietary diversity for women（MDD-W） in 2015-2017, and it was 3817（52.1%）and 3261（31.7%）in urban and rural areas respectively, there was significant difference（χ²=739.09, P<0.01）. Women of reproductive age often consume grains, roots and tubes（99.8%）, other vegetables（84.6%） and flesh food（76.5%）, and the percentage of nuts and seeds（7.9%） and dairy products（10%） consumption was lower. Nutrient adequacy ratio for iron（0.98）, zinc（0.95） and niacin（0.91） was above 0.9, and nutrient adequacy ratio for vitamin B₁（0.69）, vitamin C（0.68）, vitamin B₂（0.63）, vitamin A（0.63） and calcium（0.46） were lower than 0.7. Adjusted by energy intake, residence, age and area, women who achieved the MDD-W reported higher adequacy ratios for micronutrients, and the difference was significant（P<0.01）.CONCLUSION The proportions of women meeting MDD-W was at a lower level in China. Calcium and B vitamins were relatively inadequate.更多还原