【摘要】 二维材料在对称性和能带方面灵活可控，其构建的光电子器件具有高度可调性.近些年，二维材料在光电子器件中的应用取得了显著进展.本文介绍了石墨烯、过渡金属硫化物（如MoS₂,WS₂）和黑磷等主要二维材料在可调光电子器件中的研究现状及应用潜力.总结探讨了这些材料的独特物理和化学特性，以及其在光探测器、光调制器和光伏电池中的具体应用.介绍了二维材料在电场、应变和光照等外部条件下展现出的高灵敏度、快速响应和优异的可调光电特性，并展示了基于二维材料的光电子器件在信息技术和能源领域的巨大应用潜力.更多还原

【Abstract】 Two-dimensional（2D） materials are flexible and controllable in terms of symmetry and energy bands, and the optoelectronic devices constructed of them are highly tunable. In recent years, the application of 2D materials in optoelectronic devices has made remarkable progress. This article summarized the current research and application potential of major 2D materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides（e.g., MoS₂, WS₂）, and black phosphorus in tunable optoelectronic devices. The unique physical and chemical properties of these materials were explored, along with their specific applications in photodetectors, optical modulators, and photovoltaic cells. The article highlighted the high sensitivity, fast response, and excellent tunable optoelectronic properties exhibited by 2D materials under external conditions such as electric fields, strain, and illumination. It also demonstrated the enormous application potential of 2D material-based optoelectronic devices in information technology and energy fields.更多还原