【摘要】 汞污染对人体造成了严重的健康威胁，对于汞的污染处理目前仍未有较好的解决方式。而了解生物对汞的耐受与转化机制，对探究汞污染降解至关重要。综述了汞的毒性作用、生物对汞的耐受与转化等，为汞污染的治理提供理论线索。在汞的危害方面，总结了有机汞和无机汞对人体器官可造成的毒性危害的机制以及引发的疾病，为深入了解汞对人体的生命活动的基本规律和疾病的发生机制提供理论基础，对预防和治疗汞中毒具有重要意义。在汞的生物转化方面，总结了动物、植物、微生物对汞的耐受与转化途径，有助于了解汞在生态系统中的迁移转化规律，以及不同生物之间的相互作用。这对于保护生态系统的稳定性和生物多样性至关重要，为环境中的汞污染生物修复途径以及汞降解菌筛选提供一定的理论支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mercury pollution poses severe threats to the health of human beings,and effective solutions for its remediation remain elusive. Understanding the mechanisms by which organisms tolerate and transform mercury is essential to explore the degradation of mercury pollution. This review summarizes the toxicity of mercury,as well as the mechanisms of organisms’ tolerance to and transformation of mercury,providing theoretical insights for the management of mercury pollution. The diseases caused by the toxic effects of organic mercury and inorganic mercury on human organs and the underlying mechanisms are summarized,which is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of mercury poisoning. The tolerance and transformation pathways of mercury in animals,plants,and microorganisms are summarized,which helps to understand the migration and transformation laws of mercury in the ecosystem. It is crucial for protecting the stability and biodiversity of the ecosystem,and provides certain theoretical support for the bioremediation of mercury pollution in the environment and the screening of mercury-degrading bacteria.更多还原