【摘要】 【目的】探究施用不同有机物料对黄壤土壤团聚体稳定性及团聚体有机碳的影响，为贵州黄壤土壤改良提供依据。【方法】以黄壤旱地为研究对象，以玉米为供试作物，采用随机区组设计，设置常规化肥（CK）、谷壳+油枯+木炭+氮肥减量（BC）、谷壳+油枯+氮肥减量（RS）、氮肥减量（DP），共4个处理，进行有机物料施用田间试验，于玉米收获期测定玉米产量、土壤有机碳，利用土壤团聚体平均重量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）、> 0.25mm团聚体百分含量(R_0.25)评估团聚体稳定性特征。【结果】有机物料施用与氮肥减量不同程度地促进了土壤大团聚体（8～2 mm）的形成，减少了微团聚体（0.25～0.053 mm）的含量。相较于CK，各处理均能提高土壤团聚体稳定性，其中DP处理显著提高了平均重量直径和几何重量直径，RS处理使大于0.25 mm团聚体比例提高了9.11%（P <0.05）。不同处理各粒级团聚体有机碳含量较CK均有提高，同时各处理团聚体有机碳贡献率随粒径减小呈先升高后下降的变化趋势，其中RS处理8～2 mm团聚体有机碳贡献率较CK提高了117.75%,2～0.25 mm粒级团聚体对土壤有机碳贡献率较BC、DP处理分别提升了3.32%和26.44%。相关性分析、冗余分析和偏最小二乘路径模型分析结果表明，玉米产量与土壤团聚体有机碳含量和团聚体稳定性指标等土壤环境因子密切相关，MWD和R_0.25与玉米百粒重呈显著正相关关系，2～0.25 mm团聚体有机碳含量是影响玉米产量的主要因子，有机物料施用可以通过提高土壤团聚体有机碳含量进而对产量起到间接调控的作用。【结论】在氮肥减量的条件下施用有机物料，不仅有利于土壤大团聚体的形成和土壤团聚体稳定性的提高，且能够调控土壤有机碳库水平，促进黄壤地力提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] The effects of different organic materials on aggregate stability and aggregate organic carbon were studied in order to provide a basis for improving the structure of yellow soil in Guizhou Province. [Method] Taking yellow soil dryland as the research object, maize as the tested crop, adopting the random block design, four treatments including conventional chemical fertilizer（CK）, husks + rapeseed cake + charcoal + N fertilizer reduction（BC）, husks + rapeseed cake + N fertilizer reduction（RS）, N fertilizer reduction（DP） were applied, maize yield and soil organic carbon（SOC） were measured at harvest stage, and mean weight diameter（MWD）, geometric mean diameter（GMD）, and aggregate content > 0.25 mm(R_0.25) were used to evaluate aggregate stability. [Result]The addition of organic materials promoted the formation of large macroaggregates（8 ～ 2mm） and decreased the content of microaggregates（0.25 ～ 0.053 mm）. Compared with CK, all treatments could enhance the stability of aggregates, DP treatment significantly increased the MWD and GMD, and RS treatment significantly increased the proportion of aggregates larger than 0.25 mm by 9.11%. Compared with CK, the content of organic carbon in aggregates of different treatments increased, and the contribution rate of organic carbon increased at first and then decreased with the decrease of particle size, the contribution of 8 ～ 2 mm aggregates to SOC was 117.75% higher than that of CK, and the contributions of 2 ～ 0.25 mm aggregates to SOC were 3.32% and 26.44% higher than that of BC and DP. The results of correlation analysis, redundancy analysis, and partial least squares path model analysis indicated that maize yield was closely related to soil environmental factors such as aggregate organic carbon and aggregate stability. MWD and R_0.25 were significantly positively correlated with maize 100-grain weight, and organic carbon in aggregates ranging from 2 to 0.25 mm was the main factor affecting maize yield. The application of organic materials could indirectly regulate yield by affecting aggregate organic carbon. [Conclusion] The application of organic materials can not only improve the formation of macroaggregates and the stability of soil structure, but also regulate the level of organic carbon reservoir and promote the soil fertility of yellow soil.更多还原