【摘要】 硼是作物必需的微量营养元素，但近20年来我国油菜、大豆和烤烟等作物施用硼肥的增产及品质提高效果并不清楚。通过收集172篇文献，基于Meta分析研究了上述作物硼肥施用的增产及品质提高效果。结果表明：油菜、大豆和烤烟施用硼肥平均增产14.26%，其中油菜施肥增产效果显著高于烤烟和大豆。大豆、烤烟和油菜硼砂推荐用量分别为10～15、20～30和0～10 kg/hm~2，硼肥的增产效果为华东地区油菜好于烤烟和大豆，华中地区油菜好于烤烟。大豆、烤烟和油菜硼肥增产幅度随着年代发生变化，2000年以来大豆和烤烟施用硼肥增产率呈逐渐降低的趋势，油菜施用硼肥增产率呈逐渐增高的趋势。施用硼肥显著提高了油菜含油量并降低了蛋白质含量，但对大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量无显著影响；增加了烤烟烟碱和还原糖含量，但对钾氯比无显著影响。华南地区油菜籽含油量，华中地区大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量显著增加，华中地区烤烟还原糖含量和华南地区钾氯比增加效果最好。此外，2000年之后油菜含油量呈增高趋势，其他作物品质因子呈下降趋势。综上，施用硼肥能显著提高我国作物的产量和部分品质因子，但其增产和品质提高效果受作物种类、施用量、施用时期、施用地区等因素的影响。因此，在农业生产中应考虑种植地区、作物种类、土壤类型及有效硼含量等因素制定相应的硼肥施用方案，为我国作物增产和品质提高提供保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 Boron(B)is an essential micro-nutrient for crops,but the effects of B fertilizer application on the yield and quality of rapeseed,soybean and flue-cured tobacco in China are not clear in recent 20 years.In this study,172 literatures were collected and the effects of B fertilizer on the yield and quality of above selected crops were studied by meta-analysis.The results showed that B fertilizer increased the yield of rapeseed,soybean and flue-cured tobacco by 14.26%in average,and the increasing rate of yield of B fertilizer on the rapeseed was significantly higher than that of flue-cured tobacco and soybean.The recommended dosages of Borax in soybean,flue-cured tobacco and rapeseed were 10-15,20-30 and 0-10 kg/hm~2,respectively.The increasing rate of yield of B fertilizer was higher in rapeseed than in flue-cured tobacco and soybean in East China,and higher in rapeseed than in flue-cured tobacco in Central China.The increasing rate of yield of B fertilizer on soybean,flue-cured tobacco and rapeseed changed with years.Since 2000,the increasing rate of yield of B fertilizer on soybean and flue-cured tobacco had gradually decreased,and that on rapeseed had gradually increased.B fertilizer increased the oil content and reduced the protein content of rapeseed greatly,but had no significant effect on soybean protein and fat content;it increased the nicotine content and the sugar content of flue-cured,while had no effect on the potassiumchloride ratio.The oil content of rapeseed in South China,the protein and fat content of soybean in Central China,and the reducing sugar content and potassium-chloride ratio of flue-cured tobacco in South China were higher than those on other growth regions.In addition,the oil content of rapeseed increased after 2000,while the quality parameters of other crops decreased.In summary,the application of B fertilizer can effectively improve the yield and some quality parameters of crops,however,the increasing rates are affected by other factors such as crop species,application rate,application period,and growth regions.Therefore,the B fertilizer application scheme should be formulated according to the grown regions,crops,soil types and the soil available B content in the agricultural production to guarantee the increase of crop yield and the improvement of grain(leaves)quality in China.更多还原