【摘要】 聚磷酸铵磷肥具有缓释性，在石灰性土壤中能够长效供磷，但是释放缓慢易导致作物苗期供磷不足进而影响最终产量，探讨玉米苗期聚磷酸铵磷肥合理施用量及其对潮土无机磷组分含量的影响，为合理施用聚磷酸铵磷肥提供科学依据。采用盆栽试验，设置6个聚磷酸铵磷肥水平，P₂O₅ 0、30、60、90、120和150 mg/kg（分别用P0、P30、P60、P90、P120、P150表示），测定玉米的生物学指标和玉米磷素吸收利用状况，同时测定土壤有效磷和无机磷组分含量。结果表明，相较于P0水平，聚磷酸铵磷肥能显著提高玉米的株高、茎粗、地上部和根系干重，株高、茎粗和地上部干重均表现出0～90 mg/kg增幅大、90～150 mg/kg增幅小的趋势，P150水平的株高、茎粗、茎和叶生物量比P0水平分别提高了71.0%、68.8%、334.5%和201.6%。P90水平的玉米茎、根磷含量和磷肥利用效率均为最低值，但磷肥利用效率与P120和P150水平无显著性差异；非根际土壤有效磷含量随施磷量的增加呈极显著的线性关系，每1 mg/kg聚磷酸铵施用量相当于增加了0.0894 mg/kg的非根际土壤有效磷，施磷70 d后根际和非根际土壤有效磷含量依然在13.23 mg/kg以上；土壤无机磷总量随聚磷酸铵磷肥施用量的增加呈上升趋势，相较于P0水平，Ca2-P、Al-P含量出现了显著性变化，O-P含量与比例各施磷水平间无显著性差异，P150水平Ca10-P含量显著高于P90及其以下各处理，相较于P0水平，其Ca10-P累积量增加了101.70 mg/kg。基于本研究结果，聚磷酸铵磷肥可以在根际和非根际石灰性潮土上维持较高的土壤有效磷含量，P₂O₅ 60 mg/kg水平以下玉米生物量累积不足，P₂O₅ 120 mg/kg水平以上增加了土壤Ca10-P的含量与比例，P₂O₅90 mg/kg是潮土上玉米苗期较为适宜的聚磷酸铵磷肥用量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ammonium polyphosphate（APP）fertilizer has slow-release property and can provide long-term phosphorus supply in calcareous soils. However,the slow release may lead to insufficient phosphorus supply for crops in the seedling stage,which may affect the final yield. The aimed to explore the reasonable application rate of APP fertilizer for maize and its effect on the inorganic phosphorus fractions in fluvo-aquic soil,and to provide scientific basis for rational application of APP fertilizer. A pot experiment was conducted with six APP levels,namely P₂O₅ 0,30,60,90,120 and 150 mg/kg. The biological indicators and phosphorus absorption and utilization of maize were determined,as well as the available phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus fractions in the soil. The Results showed that compared with the control,APP fertilizer significantly increased the plant height,stem diameter,aboveground and root dry weight of maize. The plant height,stem diameter and aboveground dry weight showed a trend of large increase in the range of 0-90 mg/kg and small increase in the range of 90-150 mg/kg. The plant height,stem diameter,stem and leaf biomass at the level of P150 were 71.0%,68.8%,334.5% and 201.6% higher than those of P0,respectively. The phosphorus content and phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize stem and root were the lowest at the level of P90,but there was no significant difference in phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency among P120 and P150. The available phosphorus content in the non-rhizosphere soil showed a significant linear relationship with the application rate of APP fertilizer,and each 1 mg/kg APP application rate was equivalent to an increase of 0.0894 mg/kg of available phosphorus in the non-rhizosphere soil. The available phosphorus content in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils was still above 13.23 mg/kg after 70 days of phosphorus application. The total inorganic phosphorus in the soil increased with the increase of APP fertilizer application rate. Compared with P0,the contents of Ca2-P and Al-P showed significant changes,while the content and proportion of O-P showed no significant difference among the phosphorus application levels. The Ca10-P content at P150 was significantly higher than that of P90 and below,and the Ca10-P accumulation amount increased by 101.70 mg/kg compared with P0. Based on the results of this study,APP fertilizer could maintain a high level of available phosphorus in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere calcareous fluvo-aquic soil. The biomass accumulation of maize was insufficient at the level of P₂O₅ 60 mg/kg and below,and the content and proportion of Ca10-P in the soil increased at the level of P₂O₅ 120 mg/kg and above. P₂O₅ 90 mg/kg is a suitable APP application rate for maize in fluvo-aquic soils.更多还原