【摘要】 为探究鸡粪生物炭（JF-BC）的高效制备及其对恩施地区硒镉伴生酸性土壤改良的效果，通过优化限氧热解技术中温度、时长参数制备高吸附性能鸡粪生物炭，通过为期52 d的室内恒温恒湿土壤培养试验探究不同添加量JF-BC（未添加记作CK,2%添加量记作2%BC,4%添加量记作4%BC）对土壤理化性质的影响及动态进程。试验结果表明，热解温度700℃、热解1.5 h，制备的JF-BC产品p H最高，镉吸附性能最优。产品对于4≤pH≤8的Cd²⁺溶液具有稳定吸附效果，吸附量为244.81～248.22 mg·g^-1。2%BC及4%BC处理均使得培养的土壤由酸性提升至中性或弱碱性。培养第3 d,2%BC和4%BC处理有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量较CK显著提升29.19%和56.90%、425.4%和449.09%、884.11%和1475.82%，培养过程中效果稳定持续；培养过程中2%BC处理碱解氮较CK显著提升，4%BC与CK无显著性差异。培养第52 d,4%BC土壤阳离子交换量较CK显著提升45.34%。培养过程中，2%BC及4%BC处理土壤有效镉逐渐降低，较CK最高降低32.32%,4%BC处理有效硒有所增加，较CK最高增加26.47%。JF-BC能有效改善恩施地区土壤的p H、有机质、阳离子交换量等化学性质，提升土壤磷、钾肥力，降低镉的有效性，提高硒的活化率，4%添加量改良效果更佳。但当JF-BC大量施用时，要注意氮素的补充及磷、钾素减量。此研究对改良恩施地区土壤酸化、提高硒利用率并抑制镉迁移转化提供有益探索。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to explore the efficient preparation of chicken litter biochar（JF-BC）and its effects on the improvement of selenium-cadmium associated acidic soil in Enshi area,the temperature and time parameters of oxygen limited pyrolysis technology were optimized to prepare chicken manure biochar with high adsorption performance.A 52 days soil incubation experiment was conducted to explore the effects on chemical properties of soil with different addition of JF-BC（no addition was referred to CK,2% addition was referred to 2% BC,4% addition was referred to 4%BC）.The experimental results showed that JF-BC showed the highest pH value and cadmium adsorption capacity which was prepared at 700℃ for 1.5 h.The product had a stable adsorption effect on Cd²⁺ solution of 4≤p H≤8,and the adsorption capacity was 244.81-248.22mg·g^-1.The incubated soil was improved from acidic to neutral or weakly alkaline by 2%BC and 4%BC.At the 3^rd day,the contents of organic matter,available phosphorus and available potassium of 2%BC and 4%BC were significantly increased by 29.19% and 56.90%,425.4% and 449.09%,884.11% and 1475.82%,respectively,compared with CK.The effect was stable and sustained in incubation.The alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in 2%BC was significantly higher than that in CK,but there was no significant difference between 4%BC and CK.On the 52^nd day of culture,the cation exchange capacity of4%BC soil was significantly increased by 45.34%,compared with CK.During the incubated process,the soil available cadmium were decreased gradually in 2%BC and 4%BC,and the maximum decrease was 32.32%,while the effective selenium increased in 4%BC,and the maximum increase was 26.47%,compared with CK.JF-BC could effectively improve the pH,organic matter,cation exchange capacity of acidic soil in Enshi area,improve the soil phosphorus and potassium fertility,reduce the availability of cadmium,and improve the activation rate of selenium.The 4% addition showed a better improvement.However,when JF-BC was applied in large quantities,attention should be paid to the addition of nitrogen and the reduction of phosphorus and potassium.This study provideed useful exploration for improving soil acidification,increasing the utilization rate of selenium and inhibiting the migration and transformation of cadmium in Enshi area.更多还原