【摘要】 为分析生态补水对河道内生态需水量的满足程度，以永定河流域三家店以上流域为研究区域，利用流量历时曲线法计算了不同需求条件下的河道内生态需水量，明确了现状水文条件下的河道生态缺水程度，评估了2019年和2020年生态补水过程中河道主要断面收水率及沿途损耗的空间分布规律，定量评估了生态补水对官厅水库入库流量的贡献，构建了生态水量调度模拟模型，通过对不同生态补水情景河道生态水量调度过程模拟分析，推荐了合理的生态补水调度方案．结果表明：现状永定河山区主要控制断面生态水量处于较为严重的亏缺状态，尤其是山区总控制站三家店缺水率达97%，沿途输水损耗率变化范围为(0.94%～5.38%)/10 km，且呈现上游至下游河段依次减少的规律，收水率与上游补水量呈正相关关系，构建的生态水量调度模型在两个断面率定期和验证期纳什效率系数为0.67～0.96，能够反映永定河河道生态补水过程的水流运动．根据不同情景河道生态水量调度过程模拟结果，为达到低生态流量需求目标，可采用生态补水情景方案4；为达到高生态流量需求目标，可采用生态补水情景方案5．研究成果对认识跨流域调水影响下中国北方季节性河道的生态流量恢复过程具有重要的科学意义，可为面向生态水量恢复目标的永定河跨流域调水与流域内生态补水方案制定等提供科技支撑．更多还原

【Abstract】 Considering the upstream side of the Sanjiadian station in the Yongding River basin as a study area,the instream ecological water demand was calculated for different hydrological years using the flow duration curve method to analyze if ecological water supplements can meet the instream ecological water demand. Subsequently,the deficiency in instream ecological water demand under the current hydrological conditions was determined. Based on the ecological water supplements in 2019 and 2020,the water receiving ratios to total supplemented water were evaluated at main cross-sections,and the spatial distribution of water losses along the main stream was calculated.Further,the contributions of the ecological water supplements to the inflow of the Guanting reservoir were quantitatively assessed,and an ecological water operation model was developed. Rational water supplement schemes were recommended by simulating ecological water operations under different water supplement scenarios. The results showed that severe deficiencies in water demand existed at main cross-sections under current conditions;in particular,the deficiency was up to 97% at the Sanjiadian station. The water loss ratio was within the range of(0.94%—5.38%)/10 km and was higher upstream than downstream. The water receiving ratio was found to be positively correlated with the upstream water supplement. The NSE of the developed model was 0.67—0.96 during calibration and validation,which could reflect water movement during the ecological water supplement. Based on the simulation results of ecological water operations under different scenarios,scenarios 4 and 5 were recommended for low and high flow rate demands,respectively. The findings of this study are crucial in the understanding of the influence of interbasin water transfer on the ecological flow rate restoration process for seasonal rivers in northern China and can provide technical support for making Yongding River interbasin water transfer and intrabasin water supplement plans for ecological water restoration.更多还原