【摘要】 基于水足迹方法从水量-水质-生态需水综合视角下对黄河流域的水稀缺进行评估。结果表明：2021年黄河流域的蓝水足迹和灰水足迹分别为526.5亿m~3和3 056.2亿m~3;仅考虑水量和生态需水时，黄河流域的缺水压力较小，其中85.4%的地级市为低缺水压力，仅10.1%的地级市处于极端缺水压力；纳入水质因素后，仅15.7%的地级市为低缺水压力，而64.0%的地级市处于极端缺水压力，水质因素显著加剧了流域的缺水压力。建议协同推进水资源管理和保护，推广节水技术和水资源循环利用，重点提高农业水资源利用效率和强化农业污染治理，以缓解黄河流域经济发展与水资源限制之间的矛盾。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the water footprint method, the water scarcity in the Yellow River Basin is evaluated from a comprehensive perspective of water quantity-water quality-ecology water demand. The results showed that the blue water footprint and grey water footprint of the Yellow River Basin are 52.65 billion and 305.62 billion m~3, respectively. When only considered water quantity and ecology water, the water scarcity pressure of the Yellow River Basin is low, of which 85.4% of the cities are under low water scarcity pressure and only 10.1% are under extreme water pressure. After incorporating water quality factors, only 15.7% of the cities are under low water scarcity pressure, and 64.0% are under extreme water pressure. Water quality has greatly exacerbated the water scarcity in the basin. It is suggested to jointly promote water resources management and protection, and to facilitate water-saving technologies and water recycling. Efforts should focus on improving agricultural water use efficiency and strengthening pollution control to alleviate the conflict between economic development and water constraints in the Yellow River Basin.更多还原