【摘要】 化石能源导致的碳排放对环境可持续发展构成了巨大挑战，寻找低碳甚至零碳排放的清洁能源，是能源研究领域的重大科学问题和技术难题。天然氢气以其高热值、零排放和低价格的特点被视为未来最理想的清洁能源。通过分析氢气获取方式及发展趋势、天然氢气的形成及富集机理、分布特征、天然氢气形成与示踪、运移与保存理论和技术等的新进展，综合研究全球天然氢气勘探实践采用的新方法、取得的新成果，提出了天然氢气形成、保存与成藏理论、技术的关键科学问题。研究认为：天然氢气的资源量较大，形成机理多样，聚集过程复杂，勘探与开发风险较大，应加强基础理论研究，积极进行天然氢气勘探开发技术、装备研发；提出天然氢气勘探的“遥感圈方向，物探定来源，化探选目标”的工作方法；政府、行业应该在政策上予以积极支持，加强顶层设计，出台相关政策，推动天然氢气的研究与勘探开发。更多还原

【Abstract】 Carbon emissions from fossil fuels pose tremendous challenges to environmental sustainability. Hence, exploring clean energy with low or even zero carbon emissions represents a major scientific issue and technical difficulty in energy research. Natural hydrogen gas(NHG) is considered the ideal clean energy for the future due to its high heating value(HHV), zero carbon emissions, and low price. In this study, we analyze the hydrogen production methods and their trends, the formation and enrichment mechanisms and distribution of NHG, and recent advances in the theories and technologies for determining the formation, tracing, transport, and preservation of NHG. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation of the novel methods and recent achievements in natural hydrogen exploration across the world lays the foundation to pinpoint critical scientific issues regarding the theory and technology of the formation, preservation, and accumulation of natural hydrogen. It can be concluded that natural hydrogen features substantial resources, various formation mechanisms, complex accumulation processes, and highly risky exploration and development. This necessitates intensified research on fundamental theories and proactive research and development of technologies and equipment for natural hydrogen exploration and development. To this end, we propose an innovative approach of identifying “fairy circles” using remote sensing, determining natural hydrogen sources through geophysical exploration, and delineating exploration targets using geochemical exploration. It is recommended that relevant government departments and industrial sectors actively push forward the study and exploration and development of natural hydrogen by means of supportive policies rolled out, and top-level design strengthened.更多还原