【摘要】 为了明确辽宁省未来大豆性状的改良方向，选取辽宁省不同年代育成的146份大豆品种为试验材料，种植密度设置为15万株·hm-2，综合分析不同年代间大豆品种的茎秆强度、叶柄夹角、成熟期的株型和产量性状的遗传改良趋势。结果表明：随着育成年代的推进，大豆鼓粒期上、中、下层叶柄夹角均逐渐减小，在2020年代均达到最小；而茎秆强度显著增加，在2020年代达到251.49 N。在成熟期株高、植株重量平衡点高度和底荚高度随着品种育成年份的演替呈显著下降趋势，均在2020年代达到最小。但主茎节数、主茎粗和分枝数变化不显著。随着大豆品种的遗传改良，籽粒产量呈显著增加趋势，2020年代育成品种达到3 319.63 kg·hm-2。单株荚数和单株粒数均呈上升趋势，百粒重变化不显著。相关分析结果表明：籽粒产量与株高、底荚高度呈极显著负相关，相关系数分别为-0.316和-0.249，与单株粒数呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.229。通径分析表明：株高、底荚高度和单株粒数对产量的直接贡献最大，直接通径系数分别为-0.241,-0.304,0.228。综上可知，辽宁省大豆品种遗传改良偏重选育株型紧凑株高适宜、底荚高度较低和单株粒数较多的稳产型大豆品种。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to clarify the future direction of soybean traits improvement in Liaoning Province, this study selected146 soybean varieties of different ages in Liaoning Province as test materials, and planting density was set at 150 000plants·hm-2, to comprehensively analyze the trends of genetic improvement of steam strength, petiole angle, plant shape at maturity, and yield traits of soybean varieties among different ages. The results showed that as the breeding years progressed, the upper, middle and lower petiole angles in the bulging stage of soybean gradually decreased, and reached the minimum in the 2020s; while the stem strength increased significantly, averaging 251.49 N in the 2020s.At the maturity stage, the plant height, plant weight equilibrium height and bottom pod height showed a significant decreasing trend as the breeding years of varieties alternated, and all of them reached the minimum in the 2020s. However, the number of nodes,stem diameter and number of branches did not change significantly. With the genetic improvement of soybean varieties, the yield showed a significant increase, reaching 3 319.63 kg·hm-2in the 2020s, and the number of pods per plant and the number of grains per plant showed an increasing trend, while the change in 100-grain weight was not significant.Correlation analysis showed that seed yield was negatively correlated with plant height and lowest pod height, with correlation coefficients of-0.316 and-0.249, respectively, and positively correlated with the number of grains per plant,with a correlation coefficient of 0.229. Passage analysis showed that plant height, height of lowest pod and number of grains per plant made the greatest direct contribution to the yield, with direct passage coefficients of-0.241,-0.304 and 0.228,respectively. In conclusion, the genetic improvement of soybean varieties in Liaoning Province emphasizes the selection and breeding of stable-yielding soybean varieties with suitable plant height, lower pod height and higher number of grains per plant.更多还原