【摘要】 《环境影响评价技术导则公路建设项目》(HJ 1358—2024)(以下简称《导则》)已于2024年7月1日起正式实施。《导则》的制定是落实党中央、国务院重大决策部署的重要举措，是减缓公路项目建设不利生态环境影响的必然要求，是进一步规范该类项目环境影响评价管理的现实需要。本文对《导则》进行了解读和分析，首先，阐述了《导则》编制的背景和意义，强调了公路建设对环境的影响以及对生态系统和居民权益保护的重要性；其次，分析了国内外公路建设项目环境影响评价的研究现状和发展趋势；再次，重点介绍了《导则》关于整体选址选线方案环境比选、评价等级分段设置、地下水环境和土壤环境简化评价及噪声污染防治措施等方面的要求；最后，总结了《导则》的编制思路和特点，强调了其生态优先、绿色低碳的理念，并提出了后续工作的重点，包括宣传培训、实施效果评估等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment—Construction Project of Highway(HJ 1358—2024)(Guidelines) have been officially implemented since July 1, 2024. The formulation of Guidelines is an important measure to implement the major decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, a necessary requirement to mitigate the adverse ecological and environmental impacts of highway project construction, and a practical need to further standardize the environmental impact assessment management of such projects. This article interpreted and analyzed Guidelines. Firstly, the background and significance of Guidelines were elaborated, emphasizing the impact of highway construction on the environment and the importance of protecting ecosystems and residents′ rights. Secondly, the research status and development trends of environmental impact assessment for highway construction projects at home and abroad were analyzed. Then, the focus was on introducing the requirements of Guidelines for environmental comparison and selection of overall site and route selection schemes, segmented setting of evaluation levels, simplified evaluation of groundwater and soil environments, as well as measures for noise pollution prevention and control. Finally, the compilation ideas and characteristics of Guidelines were summarized, emphasizing their ecological priority, green and low-carbon concepts, and proposing the focus of follow-up work, including publicity and training, implementation effect evaluation, etc.更多还原