【摘要】 神经胶质细胞与神经元共同组成神经组织，胶质细胞不产生和传导动作电位，主要对神经元起支持、隔离和营养作用，在中枢神经系统的发育、稳态和修复中发挥重要作用。新近研究不仅发现有的胶质细胞可以调节突触的信号传递、参与神经元再生，还揭示了星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞的不同表型在神经系统中表现出“神经保护”和“神经毒害”的“双相作用”。本文综述了针对这两种细胞作用的研究进展，为准确理解胶质细胞在神经系统中扮演的复杂角色提供参考资料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Neuroglial cells and neurons together constitute nervous tissue. Glial cells do not generate or conduct action potentials; instead, they primarily provide support, isolation, and nourishment to neurons, playing a crucial role in the development, homeostasis, and repair of the central nervous system. Recent studies have not only found that some glial cells can regulate synaptic signaling and participate in neurogenesis, but have also revealed that the different phenotypes of astrocytes and microglia exhibit “biphasic effects” of “neuroprotection” and “neurotoxicity” in the nervous system. This paper reviews the research progress on the roles of these two types of cells, providing reference information for a better understanding of the complex roles that glial cells play in the nervous system.更多还原