【摘要】 作为中国候鸟迁飞通道的关键地带和生物多样性的重要区域,黄河流域的水鸟多样性对维持该流域的生态平衡至关重要。本研究基于2022-2023年的黄河流域同步调查数据和公民科学数据,分析了水鸟的种群组成及其季节性特点;并利用物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数,评估了水鸟多样性在不同季节和区域的特征;同时提出了黄河流域水鸟动态保护策略。结果表明:(1) 2022-2023年,黄河流域共记录到9目20科141种水鸟,其中鸻形目和雁形目水鸟占优势。(2)春季和秋季的水鸟多样性最高,黄河流域不仅是繁殖地和越冬地,还是候鸟迁飞通道中重要的停歇地;(3)下游地区的水鸟丰富度较高,而中游、上游和源区则表现出较高的多样性和均匀度;重点保护物种分布广泛,尤其在春秋季节,中游和下游呈现出明显的集中分布。我们建议在黄河流域的春季和秋季采取全域性保护措施,并根据重点物种的分布季节和区域实施动态的针对性保护。同时,将重点保护水鸟的分布区域纳入迁飞通道行动计划,进行持续性监测。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aims: The Yellow River Basin is a key area for migratory birds and a biodiversity hotspot in China. The diversity of waterbirds plays a vital role in maintaining regional ecological balance of the basin. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the composition and seasonal dynamics of waterbird populations in the Yellow River Basin from 2022 to 2023. Data was sourced from synchronous surveys and citizen science data contributions. Seasonal and regional characteristics of waterbird diversity were assessed using metrics such as species richness, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and the Pielou evenness index. Based on these findings, dynamic conservation strategies were proposed for the region’s waterbirds. Results: From 2022 to 2023, the Yellow River Basin hosted 141 waterbird species across 9 orders and 20 families, with Charadriiformes and Anseriformes being the dominant groups. Waterbird diversity peaked during spring and autumn, highlighting the Yellow River Basin’s dual role as a breeding and wintering ground as well as a crucial stopover site for migratory birds. Species richness was highest in the lower reaches, while the middle reaches, source, and upper reaches exhibited greater diversity and evenness. Protected species were widely distributed, particularly in the middle and lower reaches during spring and autumn. Conclusions: To ensure the effective protection of waterbirds in the Yellow River Basin, we recommend comprehensive conservation measures during the critical spring and autumn seasons. Dynamic and targeted protection strategies for key species and habitats, aligned with their seasonal needs. Integration of key waterbird habitats into broader migratory flyway action plans, supported by continuous monitoring efforts.更多还原