【摘要】 在当前城市化快速发展的背景下,监测与评估城市鸟类多样性是城市生态学研究和生物多样性保护的关键技术。被动声学监测(passive acoustic monitoring, PAM)作为一种利用环境声音评估生物多样性的新兴技术,能够提供城市鸟类种群的连续动态信息,为洞察人类活动对生物多样性的影响提供了独特的视角。目前,中国及全球范围内已经开展了许多基于被动声学监测的生物多样性研究案例。然而,监测与评价技术的差异直接影响基于被动声学监测的城市鸟类多样性评估的有效性,制约了城市生物多样性维持机制等科学问题的深入探讨。随着被动声学监测技术的广泛应用,迫切需要制定一套城市鸟类鸣声被动声学监测与评价技术规范,推动声学数据的规范化采集与处理,并构建全国性的城市鸟类声学数据平台,以高质量的大数据推动城市生态学研究和城市生物多样性保护。本文综述了城市环境下基于被动声学监测评估鸟类多样性的研究案例,系统地总结了监测方案和评价技术,梳理了存在的主要问题,并对未来的研究进行了展望,旨在为今后城市鸟类多样性被动声学监测与评价的理论研究、调查方案和技术应用提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Background & Aims: Rapid urbanization has proved the importance of effectively monitoring and evaluating urban bird diversity, making it a crucial area of technique inquiry within urban ecology and biodiversity conservation. Passive acoustic monitoring(PAM), a technique that utilizes the environment to assess biodiversity, provides long-term and continuous data on urban avian population dynamics. This approach offers valuable insights into the influence of human activities on natural habitats. Although PAM technology has been adopted globally for urban biodiversity monitoring and has resulted in extensive acoustic datasets, variations in monitoring and assessment methodologies show significant challenges in effectively evaluating urban avian diversity. Review Results: We synthesize representative cases of urban avian diversity research conducted using PAM technology, focusing on aspects such as spatio-temporal experimental design, recording device parameters, and quantification techniques of acoustic signals. The results indicate that current case studies exhibit general routines in experimental frameworks, parameter selection, and quantification methods. However, variability in monitoring and evaluation technologies, along with their effects on factors such as signal-to-noise ratio and representativeness of sound signals, remains a significant challenge that hinders the application of PAM in urban bird diversity research, yet this issue has not received adequate attention. Therefore, this paper advocates for a comprehensive examination of passive acoustic monitoring and evaluation techniques for urban bird sounds, which would facilitate the creation of eco-acoustic big data and address broader ecological questions. Perspectives: Given the increasing prevalence of PAM applications, there is an urgent need for the development of technical standards for passive acoustic monitoring and evaluation of urban birdsong. Establishing these standards would promote the standardization of sound data collection and analysis, leading to the creation of a comprehensive urban bird sound database. Such advancements would enable the utilization of big data to elucidate the impacts of urbanization on birdsong diversity and response mechanisms, thereby enriching urban avian studies and supporting biodiversity conservation efforts in urban environments. This paper summarizes current monitoring schemes and technological applications, providing a foundation for future theoretical frameworks. Methodological approaches and technological implementations are proposed for future passive acoustic monitoring and evaluation of urban bird diversity in China.更多还原