【摘要】 城市致敏花粉是伴随城市生态建设引种高致敏花粉植物产生的新兴且日益严重的城市生态问题之一。针对该问题，开展高致敏植物的位置与花期识别，并基于此评估其花粉对城市居民的潜在暴露风险，有助于花粉过敏人群合理规划行程和户外活动时间。因此，以高度城市化、人口密集的北京五环为研究区，以数量多、分布密度高、花粉量大和因人为种植引入的松、柏类为典型案例，探讨其空间分布和花粉释放时间。并基于此，揭示其过敏风险的时空格局特征，进而阐明城市空间格局与致敏植被栽种之间的关系，加深致敏植物对城市环境变化的响应和适应策略的理解。研究结果表明：(1)城市发展程度和不同的城市功能区对致敏植被的分布影响显著，城市化程度越高的地方松、柏类植被的栽种会相对较少，住宅区、科教文化区、历史文化遗产保护区等功能区(四季青乡、海淀乡、天坛等27个街道)松、柏类植被密度高，而农业、工业等功能区(老庄子乡、黄村镇等17个街道)松、柏类植被密度低；(2)城市致敏植物的花期时间差异展现了植物个体对城市环境的响应与适应的多样性；2019—2022年松、柏类植物开始提前开花，该适应策略有助于致敏植物在城市环境中生存和繁衍；(3)松柏致敏花粉的潜在暴露风险等级随着致敏植物对城市的适应而改变；但城区内大部分街道都是低风险区域(93个),其次是中低风险区域(15个)>中高风险区域(5个),以及少部分的高风险区域(4个)和中等风险区域(1个)。基于典型致敏植物空间分布格局及物候特征分析可将城市绿地的花粉致敏暴露与人群健康相耦合，为城市绿化建设的优化和致敏花粉缓解提供科学证据，并为未来的城市绿地规划与建设提供实证参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban allergenic pollen is one of the emerging and increasingly severe urban ecological problems associated with the process of urban ecological construction. To address this issue, it is important to identify the locations and flowering periods of highly allergenic plants and assess the potential exposure risk of their pollen to urban residents. This can help individuals with pollen allergies plan their schedules and outdoor activities more effectively. The study focuses on the highly urbanized area within the fifth ring road of Beijing and uses the densely distributed, high-pollen-producing pine and cypress trees as a typical case, mainly introduced through human planting. By exploring their spatial distribution and pollen release timing, we aim to reveal the spatiotemporal patterns of allergic risks and highlight the relationship between urban spatial patterns and the planting of allergenic vegetation. In addition, the study investigates the response and adaptation strategies of allergenic plants to urban environmental changes, highlighting their resilience and survival intelligence in urban environments. The results show that: 1) There are significant differences in the distribution of allergenic vegetation in cities based on urban development and different functional areas. In areas with higher urbanization levels, the planting of pine and cypress trees is relatively scarce. Residential areas, educational and cultural zones, historical and cultural heritage protection areas such as Sijiqing subdistrict, Haidian subdistrict and Tiantan subdistrict have high densities of pine and cypress trees, while agricultural and industrial zones such as Laozhuangzi subdistrict and Huangcun subdistrict have low densities of these trees. 2) The differences in flowering periods of urban allergenic plants demonstrate the diversity of plant responses and adaptations to the urban environment. Plants may begin to bloom early in 2019—2022, strategies that aid allergenic plants in survival and reproduction in urban environment. 3)Potential exposure risk of allergenic pollen change as plants adapt to the urban environment. Most streets in urban areas are classified as low-risk(93 subdistricts), followed by medium-low-risk areas(15 subdistricts), medium-high-risk areas(5 subdistricts), and a few high-risk areas(4 subdistricts) and moderate-risk areas(1 subdistrict). By analyzing the spatial distribution patterns and phenological characteristics of typical allergenic plants can couple urban green space exposure with public health, this study provides scientific evidence for optimizing urban greening construction and alleviating allergic pollen-related issues, and empirical references for future urban green space planning and construction.更多还原