【摘要】 [目的]探究东北黑土区耕地利用生态效率的时空格局和演变趋势，将碳源与碳汇融入耕地利用过程，这对于实现黑土减排增效和“双碳”目标至关重要。[方法]基于超效率SBM模型、核密度估计、探索性空间数据分析和空间插值工具等方法，系统考察了2006—2020年东北黑土区耕地利用生态效率的时空特征与演进规律。[结果]黑土区耕地利用生态效率历经波动上升、显著下降和迅速回升3个阶段，总体处于较高发展水平，北部边缘城市的效率值明显高于中南部地区，基期和末期区间两极分化局势尤为显著，整体发展严重失衡；黑土区耕地利用生态效率全局空间相关特性并不明显，大致呈现“边缘—中心”空间扩散格局，由南北两端高值集聚向内及四周递减，而后形成多个块状高值区和低值分布带，规模集聚优势未能得到充分发挥；多数城市均存在不同程度的投入与产出冗余，劳动力和化肥冗余问题较为严重，碳排放冗余是造成黑土区耕地利用生态效率损失的普遍因素。[结论]优化要素配置和污染减排治理成为黑土利用重点改善方向，也是提升黑土区耕地利用生态效率的关键路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 [Objective] It is crucial for the goal of emission reduction and efficiency increase as well as ‘carbon peak and neutrality’ in black soil to explore the temporal and spatial pattern and evolutionary trend of the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the black soil areas of Northeast China, and to integrate carbon source and sink into the process of cultivated land utilization. [Methods] Based on the super-efficiency SBM model, kernel density estimation, exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial interpolation tools, this paper systematically investigated the spatio-temporal characteristics and evolution patterns of the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the black soil areas of northeast China from 2006 to 2020. [Results] The ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in the black soil areas had experienced three stages of fluctuating rise, significant decline and rapid recovery, generally at a high level of development. In addition, the efficiency value of the northern marginal cities was significantly higher than that of the central and southern areas. The polarization situation between the base period and the end of the period was particularly significant, and the overall development was seriously unbalanced. The overall spatial correlation characteristics of the ecological efficiency of cultivated land use in black soil areas were not obvious, generally presenting an ‘edge center’ spatial diffusion pattern, which decreased from the high value concentration at the north and south ends to the inside and around, and then formed a number of blocky high value areas and low value distribution belts. The scale agglomeration advantage was underutilized. Input and output redundancy existed to varying degrees in most cities. The problem of labor and fertilizer redundancy was relatively severe. Carbon emission redundancy was a common factor that causes the loss of ecological efficiency of farmland use in black soil areas. Optimizing the structure of factor allocation and paying attention to pollution emission reduction were important ways to improve the ecological efficiency of regional farmland use. [Conclusion] The optimization of factor allocation and pollution emission reduction control has become the key improvement direction of black soil utilization, and it is also the key path to improve the ecological efficiency of cultivated land utilization in black soil areas.更多还原