【摘要】 中国古代的“文学”观念源自孔子的经典教育，其功能是以文传道、以文化人、以文辅政、以文抒情，承担着建构、传递精神价值和社会价值的责任。这一传统在近现代以来被人为中断，以“情绪性”“文艺性”为特征的纯文学观念代替了传统文学观念，致使传统文学功能萎缩，成为一门纯粹的知识性学科。学术界为了复兴传统文化，先后提出了建设国学、经学、中国古典学等主张和方案，但都与传统文化根基之学有一定的距离。因此，应回归古代文学传统，以语言文字为前提，以经典文献为载体，以文化传承为目标，以文学审美为特色，形成一个主体突出、层次完整、相互支撑的自主知识体系；同时，对传统文学的话语资源进行清理、提炼，在意义域设定、论题设置、阐释策略、研究者主体性的建构等方面，继承创新，形成民族特色话语方式，将古代文学重构成为一门传统文化的根基之学。更多还原

【Abstract】 The concept of “literature” in ancient China originated from Confucius’ classical education and was formed through a long history of cultural practice. Its functions include transmitting the way, cultivating people’s morality, assisting politics, and expressing emotions. Being the foundation of traditional culture, it bears the responsibility of constructing spiritual and social values, and is supported by the social system. This tradition has been artificially interrupted since modern times, with the concept of “pure literariness” characterized by “emotionalism” and “artistic quality” replacing the traditional literary concept, and later supplemented by the theory of political reflection, in response to the ideological nature of traditional literature. The social functions of traditional literature, such as carrying and transmitting the way, social education, or personality refinement, have been discarded. Under the current academic and educational systems, the ideological, lyrical, and rhetorical aspects of ancient literature have all been given cognitive purposes: one is to understand ancient society through classical writings, and the other is to understand ancient works through Western literary theories. Ancient literature has been stripped from its historical and cultural context, thus becoming a purely academic discipline. In contemporary society, people are increasingly aware of the importance of inheriting and innovating traditional culture for the rejuvenation of the nation. The academic community has proposed the construction of national studies, Confucianism, and Chinese classical studies to revive traditional culture. “National studies” was used in the last century in the sense of “organizing the national past” and has been generalized in contemporary society and the educational sector. Confucianism is basically limited to the original Confucian classics, mainly serving Confucian ideology. Chinese classical studies, which is more comprehensive and academic than Confucianism, is influenced by Western classical studies, and most scholars still adhere to the study of ancient classics, carrying out restorative classical interpretation. All the above propositions are somewhat distant from the foundation of traditional culture. This article suggests returning to the tradition of ancient literature. First, it is necessary to clarify that ancient literature is an overall study related to the spirit, culture, and life of the Chinese nation’s tradition. Second, we need to use classics from various dynasties and aspects as carriers to promote and inherit traditional culture through classical interpretation and innovation. Third, It is important to connect and communicate ancient and modern cultures, and to engage with the function of shaping the national cultural personality. In the construction of specific disciplines, an independent knowledge system with a prominent main body, complete levels, and mutual support is formed, based on language and writings as its premise, with classic literature as its carrier, with cultural inheritance as its goal, and with literary aesthetics as its characteristics. At the same time, the discourse resources of traditional literature are clarified and refined, with the inheritance and innovation in aspects such as meaning domain setting, topic setting, interpretation strategy, and the construction of the researcher’s subjectivity. In this way, a discourse method with ethnic characteristics shall be generated, and ancient literature is to be reconstructed into a foundational study of traditional culture.更多还原