【摘要】 为建立丁腈橡胶一类高分子聚合物在大范围应变率加载条件下的本构模型，采用超弹性-粘弹性模型描述丁腈橡胶的力学特性，通过低应变率拉压试验、中应变率动态扫频试验、高应变率霍普金森压杆冲击试验获取丁腈橡胶材料应力应变、储能模量和损耗模量数据。使用遗传算法对不同试验数据实际值与理论值误差的平方和函数进行优化，获得五阶Prony级数描述的粘弹性模型，分析了Prony级数阶数对拟合效果的影响规律。以某型船用减振器为对象，通过试验获取其静态刚度、动态刚度、阻尼比和冲击刚度，并在ABAQUS中进行相同工况的仿真验证，仿真刚度及阻尼比误差均小于10%。结果表明：考虑不同应变率工况下的多种试验数据，采用遗传算法优化获得丁腈橡胶材料本构模型，能够在大范围应变率加载条件下描述橡胶的弹性及阻尼损耗特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to establish the constitutive model of a class of polymer such as nitrile butadiene rubber under a wide range of strain rate loading condition, hyperelastic-viscoelastic model was used to accurately describe the mechanical properties of nitrile butadiene rubber. The stress-strain, energy storage modulus and loss modulus data of nitrile butadiene rubber were obtained by low strain rate compression test, medium strain rate dynamic frequency sweep test and high strain rate Hopkinson pressure bar test. The error weighted sum of squares of actural and theorical values for different test data as fitness function were improved by genetic algorithm to obtain the viscoelastic model described by fifth-order Prony series and analyze the influence rule of the number of Prony series on fitting effect. Taking a marine shock absorber as object, its static stiffness, dynamic stiffness, damping ratio and impact stiffness were obtained through test, and the same working condition simulation experiment was conducted in ABAQUS, with simulated stiffness and damping ratio errors of less than 10%. The results show that considering various experimental data under different strain rate conditions, the constitutive model of nitrile butadiene rubber material optimized by genetic algorithm can describe the elastic and damping loss characteristics of rubber under a wide range of strain rate loading condition.更多还原