【摘要】 药用野生稻具有抗病虫、抗逆境、高生物产量、高光效等优良特性，蕴藏有许多优良基因。本研究用广西所有药用野生稻分布点收集的代表性资源199份，对抽穗期、花药长度、粒宽、粒长与粒重5个重要农艺性状进行遗传多样性、主成分等分析。结果表明：广西药用野生稻具有丰富的遗传多样性，抽穗期、花药长度、粒宽、粒长和粒重的变异系数分别为9.12%、11.90%、3.39%、4.64%和6.24%，多样性指数分别为1.4878、2.0453、1.7727、1.1567和2.0379。主成分分析表明：第1、第2主成分主要与产量性状相关，累计贡献率达63.759%，第3、第4主成分特征值相近，贡献率分别为16.306%和15.542%，抽穗期与花药长度是影响的决定因子，主要反映植株的生长特征。7个地理居群按遗传多样性大小排序为：梧州市（1.6731）>玉林市（1.5784）>贵港市（1.5070）>南宁市（1.3325）>来宾市（1.2131）>贺州市（0.9629）>钦州市（0.3819），梧州市的多样性指数最高，表明梧州市是广西药用野生稻表型遗传多样性的中心。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oryza officinalis Wall. ex G. Watt has excellent characteristics such as disease and insect resistance, stress tolerance, high biological yield and high light efficiency, and contains many excellent genes. In this study, 199representative resources collected from all Oryza officinalis distribution sites in Guangxi were used to analyze the genetic diversity and principal components for five important agronomic traits, including heading stage, anther length,grain width, grain length and grain weight. The results showed that O. officinalis from Guangxi had rich genetic diversity, with coefficients of variation of 9.12%, 11.90%, 3.39%, 4.64% and 6.24% for heading stage, anther length,grain width, grain length and grain weight, respectively, and diversity index was 1.4878, 2.0453, 1.7727, 1.1567 and2.0379, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that the first and second principal components were mainly related to yield traits, with a cumulative contribution rate of 63.759%. The third and fourth principal components had a cumulative contribution rate 16.306% and 15.542%, respectively. The heading stage and anther length were the influential determinants, mainly reflecting the plant growth characteristics. According to the genetic diversity, the seven geographic populations are ranked as follows: Wuzhou(1.6731)>Yulin(1.5784)>Guigang(1.5070)>Nanning(1.3325)>Laibin(1.2131)> Hezhou(0.9629)>Qinzhou(0.3819), and Wuzhou had the highest diversity index, indicating that Wuzhou was the phenotypic diversity center of Oryza officinalis in Guangxi.更多还原