【摘要】 游动微纳机器人作为微执行器的重要分支，凭借尺寸小、推重比大、可控性好等特性，能够深入传统机器人无法到达的狭小空间，为生物医学、环境监测、纳米工程等领域带来变革性思路。近年来，随着材料科学、纳米技术和生物技术的不断发展，游动微纳机器人的研究取得了显著进展。然而，游动微纳机器人的研究和应用仍面临着复杂环境中的高效运动和控制、生物相容性和可降解性，以及临床应用等诸多挑战。因此，文章综述了游动微纳机器人在驱动方法、设计与制造、控制方法及应用的进展，分析了发展趋势，并提出未来的发展建议，以期为相关领域学者提供参考和借鉴，推动游动微纳机器人技术的进一步发展和应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important branch of microactuators, swimming micro/nanorobots provide revolutionary solutions for various fields such as biomedicine, environmental monitoring, and nanoengineering due to their small size, high thrust-to-weight ratio, and good controllability, and they can enter into narrow spaces that traditional robots cannot reach. In recent years, with the continuous development of material science, nanotechnology, and biotechnology, significant progress has been made in the research on swimming micro/nanorobots. However, the research and application of swimming micro/nanorobots still face many challenges such as efficient motion and control in complex environments, biocompatibility and biodegradability, and clinical applications. Therefore, this article reviewed the progress of swimming micro/nanorobots in the fields of drive, design, manufacturing, control, and application, analyzed their development trends, and proposed future development suggestions, so as to provide a reference and inspiration for scholars in related fields for developing and applying swimming micro/nanorobots.更多还原