【摘要】 数字技术在各产业中的渗透，催生了新质生产力的快速发展，而与之相适应的社会生产关系特别是收入分配关系，仍滞留于与传统生产力发展相适应的阶段。数据作为新的生产要素，通过在社会生产和社会生活中赋能、赋智、赋值，在经济社会效率提升上更高更快，而在收益分配上造成的贫富分化更大更强。本文从分配制度中效率与公平的内涵出发，以全球视野分析了为什么在数字经济条件下要建立体现效率促进公平的收益分配制度，以及数字经济发展导致贫富差距扩大的制度原因和新质生产力发展的冲突。指出在数字经济条件下要协调效率与公平之间的关系，就必须适应数字经济发展所带来的新质生产力变化，相应调整与之适应的社会生产关系，特别是收入分配制度，建立体现效率促进公平的与数字经济发展水平相适应的收益分配制度。通过制度创新，提供更多的公共产品和服务，提高人们的数字素养，才能使社会公众共享数字经济发展成果，实现社会主义共同富裕的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 The penetration of digital technology in various industries has given birth to the rapid development of new productive forces,while the social production relations that are compatible with it, especially the income distribution relationship, are still stuck in the stage that is compatible with the development of traditional productive forces. As a new factor of production, data can improve economic and social efficiency higher and faster by empowering, empowering intelligence and assigning value in social production and social life, and the gap between the rich and the poor in income distribution will be greater and stronger. Starting from the connotation of efficiency and fairness in the distribution system, this paper analyzes why it is necessary to establish a benefit distribution system that embodies efficiency and promotes fairness under the conditions of digital economy, as well as the institutional reasons for the widening gap between the rich and the poor caused by the development of the digital economy and the conflict between the development of new productive forces. It is pointed out that in order to balance the relationship between efficiency and fairness under the conditions of digital economy, it is necessary to adapt to the new qualitative changes in productivity brought about by the development of the digital economy, adjust the social production relations that adapt to it,especially the income distribution system, and establish a benefit distribution system that reflects efficiency and promotes fairness and is compatible with the level of development of the digital economy. Only through institutional innovation, providing more public products and services, and improving people’ s digital literacy can the public share the achievements of the development of the digital economy and achieve the goal of common prosperity in socialism.更多还原