【摘要】 成年人抑郁症和自杀已成为我国乃至全球重要的公共卫生问题，给患者及社会带来了沉重的疾病负担。2023年美国预防临床服务指南工作组在JAMA上发表了《成年人抑郁症和自杀风险筛查推荐声明》（以下简称USPSTF推荐），并发布了最新证据报告和系统评价结果，认为应对成年人进行抑郁症筛查，包括孕妇、产妇及老年人，但目前自杀筛查的风险与获益证据不充分，无法确定筛查的利弊。本文结合USPSTF推荐和国内外研究现状，从成年人抑郁症和自杀的流行病学、危险因素、早期筛查工具及利弊、治疗和干预、推荐对全科指导价值等方面进行了概述。更多还原

【Abstract】 Depression and suicide in adults have become significant public health issues in China and globally,imposing a heavy burden on patients and society. In 2023,the United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF)published a recommendation statement on Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Adults in JAMA. The statement suggested screening for depression in adults,including pregnant and postpartum individuals,as well as the elderly. However,the evidence regarding the risks and benefits of suicide screening is insufficient,making it challenging to determine its overall impact. This article provides an overview of adult depression and suicide,including epidemiology,risk factors,early screening tools,pros and cons,treatments and interventions,and the guidance value of the USPSTF statement for general practitioners,combining insights from the USPSTF statement and current research both domestically and internationally.更多还原