【摘要】 精准观测大气能见度是研究雾的重要基础，我们将雾引起的大气能见度变化简称为雾能见度。现有的大气能见度仪较重，无法由探空气球携带升空；由于观测手段的限制，迄今对雾的垂向结构研究很少，本文提出利用自然光探测雾能见度的方案。为获取大气的垂向衰减系数，研制了一种体积小、重量轻、传输距离远的投弃式微型辐照度计，由探空气球携带升空，实现雾能见度的垂向剖面探测，我们将该仪器系统命名为“投弃式雾能见度剖面仪”。投弃式雾能见度剖面仪既能实现对大气辐照度的精确测量，又具有重量轻、造价低的特点，成为探测雾能见度垂向特征的一种新手段。本文还提出精确测量大气辐照度所涉及的两个创新性算法——谱辐照度的反演算法和仪器摆动的校正算法。在此基础上利用获取的太阳辐射在垂向的漫衰减系数，成功反演出雾能见度的垂向分布。实际观测结果表明，雾在垂直方向上有丰富的信息，也有空间上的明显差异，需要深入研究。雾能见度剖面仪可为深入研究雾的垂向结构提供宝贵数据，有重要的应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Accurate observation of atmospheric visibility is an important basis for fog research. Most known visibility phenomena are based on the observations and studies near the ground. In fact, fog visibility in the sky is vertically different, showing a vertical stratification feature. The existing atmospheric visibility meters are heavy and cannot be carried by sounding balloons. Due to the limitation of observation methods, the vertical structure of fog is rarely studied. In order to obtain the vertical attenuation coefficient of the atmosphere, a disposable miniature irradiance meter with small volume, light weight and long transmission distance was developed, which is the key part of the Fog Visibility Profiler(FVP). FVP is equipped with five monochromatic bands and one full-spectrum band, which can be used to further study the relationship between the spectral attenuation coefficient and fog visibility. The radiometer is typically utilized by either grating-based or filter-based spectral acquirement techniques. Here, the filter-based measurement was adopted by using a broad-band filters to obtain spectral irradiance. This miniature radiometer is carried aloft by a meteorological balloon and collects natural light irradiance for detecting fog visibility. FVP not only can measure the atmospheric irradiance accurately, but also has the characteristics of light weight and low cost, so it becomes a new means to detect the vertical characteristics of atmospheric visibility. We also propose two innovative algorithms for accurate measurement of atmospheric irradiance: inversion of spectral irradiance and correction of instrumentswing. inversion of spectral irradiance based on a calibration algorithm for the broad-band multispectral radiometer to enable precise retrieval of irradiance. Correction algorism of instrument swing was innovatively developed a to correct the spectral irradiance. On this basis, the vertical distribution of atmospheric visibility is successfully reversed using the diffuse attenuation coefficient of solar radiation obtained in the vertical direction. From the results of the field experiments, it is clear that the profile observation using the FVP can capture the vertical structure of visibility in fog situation. The actual observation results show that the fog not only has rich information in the vertical direction, but also has obvious differences in space, which needs further study. The atmospheric visibility profiler can provide valuable data for the in-depth study of the vertical structure of fog and has important application value.更多还原